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Effects of Spray Parameters and Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Coatings Formed by Warm Spraying

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Abstract

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti coatings deposited by warm spraying were investigated with the aim to find a set of optimum parameters for the spray process as well as for the subsequent heat treatment. Titanium powder was deposited with different nitrogen flow rates in a range from 0.5 to 1.5 m3/min. It was shown that spray parameters, which affect the temperature and velocity of in-flight particles, have significant influence on the fabricated coatings properties. Especially the increase of the warm spraying combustion pressure from 1 to 4 MPa resulted in an increase in the particle velocity to above 1100 m/s. This modification significantly increased the density and was beneficial for controlling the oxygen level in Ti coatings. Miniature tensile specimens with a total length of 9 mm were used to perform tensile tests for the Ti deposits. The optimal mechanical properties were achieved for specimens formed at a middle range of nitrogen flow rate (0.75 m3/min). Subsequently, several heat treatments were performed in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the as-sprayed coatings. It was found that the post-spray heat treatment significantly enhanced the strength and elongation of the Ti deposits determined by miniature specimen tensile test.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dr Nobuaki SEKIDO and Dr Hideyuki MURAKAMI for help with dry etching of the cross-sectional Ti coatings. Mr. Toshio HIRAOKA is thanked for operating the thermal spray equipment. In addition, appreciation goes to Mr. Takeru MORI for his valuable advice and help in operation of laboratory equipment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan

    R. M. Molak, H. Araki, M. Watanabe & S. Kuroda

  2. Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan

    H. Katanoda

  3. Plasma Giken Co., Ltd., Toda, Saitama, Japan

    N. Ohno

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  1. R. M. Molak
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  2. H. Araki
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  3. M. Watanabe
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Correspondence to R. M. Molak.

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Molak, R.M., Araki, H., Watanabe, M. et al. Effects of Spray Parameters and Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Coatings Formed by Warm Spraying. J Therm Spray Tech 24, 1459–1479 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-015-0343-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-015-0343-y

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