Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Strengthening Principle and Process Parameter Optimization of Ultrasonic Rolling of GCr15 Steel Bearing Roller

  • Original Research Article
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

It is very important to clarify the strengthening principle of ultrasonic rolling process and the relationship between process parameters and rolling surface performances for the strengthening and finishing of bearing steel surface. In the paper, the rolling strengthening principle of GCr15 bearing roller was analyzed, and the effects of process parameters (static pressure, feed rate and rotation speed) on the rolled surface performances (surface roughness and hardness) were studied by finite element simulation and ultrasonic rolling experiment. The prediction models of the roughness and hardness of the rolled surface were established by response surface methodology. The gray correlation degree, which can comprehensively reflect the roughness and hardness of rolled surface, was calculated by gray system theory. Taken the minimum roughness, the maximum hardness and the maximum gray correlation degree as the optimization objectives, respectively, the single and multiple objective optimizations of ultrasonic rolling process parameters were performed by genetic algorithm. The results show that under the experimental conditions, the feed rate has the most significant effect on the rolled surface performances, then the static pressure and finally the rotation speed. To obtain smaller surface roughness, the feed rate should be as small as possible, and the static pressure should be moderate. To obtain higher surface hardness, the feed rate should be as small as possible, and the static pressure should be as large as possible.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. X.F. Yu, Y.H. Wei, and D.Y. Zheng et al., Effect of Nano-Bainite Microstructure and Residual Stress on Friction Properties of M50 Bearing Steel, Tribol. Int., 2022, 165, 107285.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. S. Bhaumik and V. Paleu, Wear and Rolling Contact Fatigue Analysis of AISI 52100 Bearing Steel in Presence of Additivated Lubricants, Metals, 2021, 11, p 907.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. T. Itoh and S. Fujii, Effects of Frequency and Stroke on Lubricated Reciprocating Friction Between Plain Carbon Steel and Bearing Steel, J. Soc. Mater. Sci. Japan, 2007, 56, p 266–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. S. Wang, W. Yue, Z.Q. Fu, and C.B. Wang et al., Study on the Tribological Properties of Plasma Nitrided Bearing Steel under Lubrication with Borate Ester Additive, Tribol. Int., 2013, 66, p 259–264.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. J. Musekamp, H. Hoche, and T. Schmitt et al., Influence of Material Condition and Chemical Composition on the Properties of Plasma-Nitrided Austenitic Steels, Mater. Sci. Eng. Technol., 2021, 52, p 177–192.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. M. Makówka and B. Wendler, Carbon Based Coatings for Applications in Friction Couples with Bearing Steel and Aluminium Alloy, Archiv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2017, 1, p 12–20.

    Google Scholar 

  7. S. Schler, M. Schmieding, and N. Heimes et al., Characterization of Molybdenum Based Coatings on 100Cr6 Bearing Steel Surfaces, Tribology, Online, 2020, 15, p 181–185.

    Google Scholar 

  8. L.T. Lu and K. Shiozawa, Effect of Shot-Peening on Super-Long-Life Fatigue Behavior in High Carbon-Chromium Bearing Steel, Trans. Japan Soc. Mech. Eng., 2001, 67, p 1630–1638.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. X.L. Li, W. Yue, and C.B. Wang et al., Comparing Tribological Behaviors of Plasma Nitrided and Untreated Bearing Steel under Lubrication with Phosphor and Sulfur-free Organotungsten Additive, Tribol. Int., 2012, 51, p 47–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. B. Mahmoudi, G.L. Doll, C.H. Hager and R.D. Evans, Influence of a WC/a-C: H Tribological Coating on Micropitting Wear of Bearing Steel, Wear, 2016, 350(351), p 107–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. G. Rajaram and A. Jain, Characteristics of Alumina Coating on SAE 52100 Bearing Steel with Ni-Cr Bond Coat, Int. J. Mater. Eng. Innovat., 2018, 9, p 20–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. K. Shiozawa and L. Lu, Very High-cycle Fatigue Behaviour of Shot-Peened High-Carbon-Chromium Bearing Steel, Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct., 2002, 25, p 813–822.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Z. Dong, F. Wang, and D. Qian et al., Enhanced Wear Resistance of the Ultrastrong Ultrasonic Shot-Peened M50 Bearing Steel with Gradient Nanograins, Metals, 2022, 12, p 424.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Y. Meng, J.X. Deng, and Y. Zhang et al., Tribological Properties of Textured Surfaces Fabricated on AISI 1045 Steels by Ultrasonic Surface Rolling under Dry Reciprocating Sliding, Wear, 2020, 460–461, 203488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. X. Zhang, W.T. Liu, and S.R. Wang, et al (2022) Effect of Ultrasonic Rolling on Properties of GCr15 Bearing Steel. In: J. Phys.: Conf. Ser, 2174: 012044.

  16. A. Amanov, Improvement in Mechanical Properties and Fretting Wear of Inconel 718 Superalloy by Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification, Wear, 2020, 203208, p 446–447.

    Google Scholar 

  17. M. Li, Q. Zhang, B. Han, L. Song, J. Li, and J. Yang, Investigation on Microstructure and Properties of AlxCoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloys by Ultrasonic Impact Treatment, J. Alloys Compd., 2020, 816, p 152626.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. X.H. Yu, Y.Y. Huang, and F.K. Cui, A Model for Surface Residual Stress of Ultrasonic Rolling Extrusion Bearing Ring, J. Plast. Engineering, 2018, 25, p 205–211.

    Google Scholar 

  19. G.Q. Wang, M.K. Lei, and D.M. Guo, Interactions Between Surface Integrity Parameters on AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel Compo-nents by Ultrasonic Impact Treatment, Procedia CIRP, 2016, 45, p 323–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. S.P. Chenakin, B.N. Mordyuk, and N.I. Khripta, Surface Composition, Structure and Corrosion Properties of a ZrTiNb Alloy: Effect of Impact Treatment Energy, Vacuum, 2023, 210, p 111889.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. K. Yuan and Y. Sumi, Simulation of Residual Stress and Fatigue Strength of Welded Joints under the Effects of Ultrasonic Impact Treatment (UIT), Int. J. Fatigue, 2016, 92, p 321–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. F. Cui, Y. Su, and S. Rong, Comparative Analysis of Mathematical Model for Surface Roughness of Ultrasonic Rolling Extrusion Bearing Rings, J. Plast. Eng., 2018, 25(5), p 199–204.

    Google Scholar 

  23. D.A. Lesyk, B.N. Mordyuk, V.V. Dzhemelinskyi, S.M. Voloshko, and A.P. Burmak, Optimization of Ultrasonic Impact Treatment for Surface Finishing and Hardening of AISI O2 Tool Steel by Experimental Design, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2022, 31, p 8567–8584.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. E. Emelianova, V. Romanova, O. Zinovieva, and R. Balokhonov, The Effects of Surface-Layer Grain Size and Texture on Deformation-Induced Surface Roughening in Polycrystalline Titanium Hardened by Ultrasonic Impact Treatment, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2020, 793, p 139896.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Z. Zhou, C.F. Yao, Y. Zhao, Y. Wang, and L. Tan, Effect of Ultrasonic Impact Treatment on the Surface Integrity of Nickel Alloy 718, Adv. Manuf., 2021, 9, p 160–171.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Z. Fan, H. Xu, D. Li, L. Zhang, and L. Liao, Surface Nanocrystallization of 35# Type Carbon Steel Induced by Ultrasonic Impact Treatment(UIT), Int. J. Fatigue, 2012, 27, p 1718–1722.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. C. Chen, Z. Guo, J. Luo, W. Wang, and J. Hao, Effects of Ultrasonic Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of Al-based Composites Reinforced by In Situ Al2O3 Nanoparticles, High Temp. Mater. Process., 2015, 35, p 169–2175.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. V. Llaneza and F.J. Belzunce, Study of the Effects Produced by Shot Peening on the Surface of Quenched and Tempered Steels: Roughness, Residual Stresses and Work Hardening, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2015, 356, p 475–485.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. O. Unal and R. Varol, Surface Severe Plastic Deformation of AISI 304 via Conventional Shot Peening, Severe Shot Peening and Repeening, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2015, 351, p 289–295.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. X. Yue, S. Hu, and X.K. Wang, Understanding the Nanostructure Evolution and the Mechanical Strengthening of the M50 Bearing Steel during Ultrasonic Shot Peening, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2022, 836, 142721.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. M. Daoud, R. Kubler, A. Bemou, P. Osmond, and A. Polette, Prediction of Residual Stress Fields After Shot-Peening of TRIP780 Steel with Second-Order and Artificial Neural Network Models Based on Multi-impact Finite Element Simulations, J. Manuf. Process., 2021, 72, p 529–543.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. X. Ji, S. Emura, X.H. Min, and K. Tsuchiya, Strain-Rate Effect on Work-Hardening Behavior in β-Type Ti-10Mo-1Fe Alloy with TWIP effect, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2017, 707, p 701–707.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Z. Jia, F. Gu, F. Wang, and M. Zhou, Parameter Optimization of Edm Micro-and-Small Holes Based on Signal-to-Noise and Grey Relational Grade, Chinese J. Mech. Eng., 2007, 43(7), p 63–67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. J. Lei, Y.X. Su, and Q.J. Xu, Gray Correlation Analysis of Surface Integrity of Ultrasonic-Assisted Rolling gcr15 Bearing Steel, J. Mech. Strength, 2020, 42, p 545–550.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the project research partners and funding support units. This work was supported by the National Key R and D Program of China (2020YFB2007804).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, China

    Chong Su & Zheng Liu

  2. Cars (Beijing) Railway Equipment Technology Co.,Ltd, Beijing, 102202, China

    Yansong Shi

Authors
  1. Chong Su
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yansong Shi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zheng Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chong Su.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Su, C., Shi, Y. & Liu, Z. Strengthening Principle and Process Parameter Optimization of Ultrasonic Rolling of GCr15 Steel Bearing Roller. J. of Materi Eng and Perform (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-08922-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-08922-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation