Abstract
The reduced processability in Mg-Li alloy through rolling deformation deserves attention. Herein, an asymmetric rolling test is carried out on a of dual-phase Mg-9Li-1Zn alloy using controlled single-pass reduction (SPR). The role of different rolling conditions is observed in terms of the microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of the alloy. Additionally, finite element simulation analyzed the equivalent strain and shear stress during differential rolling processes. The mechanical anisotropy and recrystallization degree of Mg-Li alloy varied with the applied single-pass deformation. 10% single-pass reduction (SPR10) showed low anisotropy due to the high shear deformation induced by asymmetric rolling. Under the SPR10 condition, the asymmetry of shear stress and equivalent stress in the deformation zone is most obvious. Higher equivalent strain and shear forces can activate the slip system for the two phases, inducing non-basal slip and weakening the basal texture. Of note, high equivalent strain can stimulate dynamic recrystallization (DRX), resulting in refined grains, reduced stress concentration, and enhanced plasticity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Y. Yang, X.M. Xiong, J. Chen, X.D. Peng, D.L. Chen, and F.S. Pan, Research Advances in Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys Worldwide in 2020, J. Magnes. Alloy, 2021, 9(3), p 705–747.
Z.X. Wu, R. Ahmad, B.L. Yin, S. SandlÖbes, and W.A. Curtin, Mechanistic Origin and Prediction of Enhanced Ductility in Magnesium Alloys, Science, 2018, 359(6374), p 447–452.
Y. Tang, W.T. Jia, and X. Liu, Precipitation Evolution during Annealing of Mg-Li Alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2017, 689, p 332–344.
X.J. Wang, D.K. Xu, R.Z. Wu, X.B. Chen, and Q.M. Peng, What is Going on in Magnesium Alloys?, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2018, 34(2), p 245–247.
X. Peng, W.C. Liu, G.H. Wu, H. Ji, and W.J. Ding, Plastic Deformation and Heat Treatment of Mg-Li Alloys: A Review, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 99, p 193–206.
E. Karakulak, A Review Past, Present and Future of Grain Refining of Magnesium Alloys, J. Magnes. Alloy, 2019, 7, p 355–369.
R. Wu, Y. Yan, G. Wang, and L.E. Murr, Recent Progress in Magnesium–Lithium Alloys, Int. Mater. Rev., 2015, 60(2), p 65–100.
G.Q. Wu, D.C. Zhao, and L.B. Sun, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Wire-Filled Tungsten Argon Arc Welded Joints for LA141 Magnesium-Lithium-Aluminum Alloy, Mater. Today Commun., 2020, 23, p 100881.
R. Mahmudi, M. Shalbafi, M. Karami, and A.R. Geranmayeh, Effect of Li Content on the Indentation Creep Characteristics of Cast Mg–Li–Zn Alloys, Mater. Des., 2015, 75, p 184–190.
Q. Su, J. Xu, Y. Li, J. Yoon, D. Shan, B. Guo, and H. Kim, Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties in Superlight Mg-Li Alloy Processed by High-Pressure Torsion, Materials, 2018, 11(4), p 598.
J. Li, L. Jin, F.H. Wang, S. Dong, and J. Dong, Effect of Phase Morphology on Microscopic Deformation Behavior of Mg–Li–Gd Dual-Phase Alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2021, 809, p 140871.
G. Liu, W. Xie, G.B. Wei, Y. Yang, and J.W. Liu, Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior and Corrosion Resistance of a Dual-Phase Mg-Li Alloy, Materials, 2018, 11(3), p 408.
H.Y. Wu, J.C. Yan, H.H. Tsai, C.H. Chiu, G.Z. Zhou, and C.F. Lin, Tensile Flow and Strain-Hardening Behaviors of Dual-Phase Mg-Li-Zn Alloy Thin Sheets, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2010, 527(27), p 7197–7203.
C.T. Chang, J.Y. Wang, C.L. Chu, and S. Lee, Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Various Mg-Li Alloys, Mater. Lett., 2006, 60(27), p p3272-3276.
H.B. Ji, G.C. Yao, and H.B. Li, Microstructure, Cold Rolling, Heat Treatment, and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Li Alloys, Univ. Sci. Technol. Beijing Mineral Metall. Mater., 2008, 15, p 440–443.
J.H. Wang, R.Z. Wu, J. Feng, J.H. Zhang, L.G. Hou, and M.L. Zhang, Influence of Rolling Strain on Electromagnetic Shielding Property and Mechanical Properties of Dual-Phase Mg-9Li Alloy, Mater Charact, 2019, 157, p 109924.
L.N. Ma, Y. Yang, G. Zhou, F.J. Ren, H.J. Deng, G.B. Wei, and X.D. Peng, Effect of Rolling Reduction and Annealing Process on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of LZ91 Alloy Sheet, Trans. Nonferrous Metals Soc. China, 2020, 30, p 1816–1825.
X.F. Wang, H. Liu, X.B. Tang, Y.G. Wang, M.X. Guo, and L.Z. Zhuang, Influence of Asymmetric Rolling on the Microstructure, Texture Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Al–Mg–Si Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2022, 844, p 143154.
W.C. Zhang, X.T. Liu, J.F. Ma, W.K. Wang, W.Z. Chen, Y.X. Liu, and J.L. Yang, Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ZK60 Magnesium Alloy Processed by Asymmetric Lowered-Temperature Rolling, Trans. Nonferrous Metals Soc. China, 2022, 32, p 2877–2888.
Y. Zou, L.H. Zhang, H.T. Wang, X. Tong, M.L. Zhang, and Z.W. Zhang, Texture Evolution and their Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Duplex Mg–Li Alloy, J. Alloy. Compd., 2016, 669, p 72–78.
E. Tolouie and R. Jamaati, Asymmetric Cold Rolling: A Technique for Achieving Non-Basal Textures in AZ91 Alloy, Mater. Lett., 2019, 249, p 143–146.
S.H. Kim, B.S. You, Y.C. Dong, and Y.M. Seo, Texture and Microstructure Changes in Asymmetrically Hot Rolled AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheets, Mater. Lett., 2005, 59(29), p 3876–3880.
T.Y. Kwak and W.J. Kim, Superplastic Behavior of an Ultrafine-Grained Mg-13Zn-1.55Y Alloy with a High Volume Fraction of Icosahedral Phases Prepared by High-Ratio Differential Speed Rolling, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2017, 33(9), p 919–925.
G. Liu, W. Xie, A. Hadadzadeh, G.B. Wei, Z.D. Ma, J.W. Liu, Y. Yang, W.D. Xie, X.D. Peng, and M. Wells, Hot Deformation Behavior and Processing Map of a Superlight Dual-Phase Mg–Li Alloy, J. Alloy. Compd., 2018, 766, p 460–469.
Y.S. Shi, Q.H. Shu, S. Zhao, H.M. Zou, and S.H. Jin, Effect of Controlled Rolling Temperature on Microstructure and Properties of Mg-9Li-1Zn Alloy Sheet, J. Alloy. Comp., 2020, 835, p 155296.
C.Y. Xu, H.T. Lan, and J.P. Zhu, Research on the Constitutive Equation and Processing Map of Ultralight Magnesium-Lithium Alloy LZ91, ChinJNonferus Met., 2020, 10(9), p 14–20.
F. Bachmann, R. Hielscher, and H. Schaeben, Texture Analysis with MTEX-Free and Open Source Software Toolbox, Solid State Phenom., 2010, 160, p 63–68.
W.J. Kim, M.J. Kim, and J.Y. Wang, Ultrafine-Grained Mg–9Li–1Zn Alloy Sheets Exhibiting Low Temperature Superplasticity, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2009, 516, p 17–22.
W. Liu, X. Liu, C. Tang, W. Yao, Y. Xiao, and X. Liu, Microstructure and Texture Evolution in LZ91 Magnesium Alloy during Cold Rolling, J. Magnes. Alloys, 2018, 6, p 77–82.
X.Y. Li, F. Guo, Y.L. Ma, L.Y. Jiang, H.L. Lai, H.D. Liu, D.F. Zhang, and R.S. Pei, Rolling Texture Development in a Dual-Phase Mg-Li Alloy: The Role of Temperature, J. Magnes. Alloys, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2021.10.005
F. Guo, L. Liu, Y. Ma, L. Jiang, Y. Zhang, D. Zhang, and F.S. Pan, Slip Behavior and its Effect on Rolling Texture Development in a Dual-Phase Mg–Li Alloy, J. Alloy. Compd., 2020, 813, p 152117.
Y. Zou, L.H. Zhang, Y. Li, H.T. Wang, and J.B. Liu, Texture Evolution and their Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Duplex Mg–Li Alloy, J. Alloy. Compd., 2016, 669, p 72–78.
Y.G. Ko and K. Hamad, Structural Features and Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Mg Alloy Warm-Deformed by Differential Speed Rolling, J. Alloy. Comp., 2018, 744, p 96–103.
X.P. Li, F. Wang, X.H. Li, G.Y. Tang, and J. Zhu, Improvement of Formability of Mg–3Al–1Zn Alloy Strip by Electroplastic-Differential Speed Rolling, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2014, 618, p 500–504.
J.H. Cho, H.W. Kim, S.B. Kang, and T.S. Han, Bending Behavior, and Evolution of Texture and Microstructure during Differential Speed Warm Rolling of AZ31B Magnesium Alloys, Acta Mater., 2011, 59(14), p 5638–5651.
Y.G. Ko, U.M. Chaudry, and K. Hamad, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA6061 Alloy Deformed by Differential Speed Rolling, Mater. Lett., 2020, 259, p 126870.
Y.G. Ko and K. Hamad, Microstructure Stability and Mechanical Properties of Ultrafine Grained 5052 Al Alloy Fabricated by Differential Speed Rolling, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2018, 733, p 24–27.
W.J. Kim, Y.G. Lee, M.J. Lee, J.Y. Wang, and Y.B. Park, Exceptionally High Strength in Mg–3Al–1Zn Alloy Processed by High-Ratio Differential Speed Rolling, Scr. Mater., 2011, 65(12), p 1105–1108.
Y. Yang, M. Li, H. Deng, F. Ren, H. Zhang, B. Jiang, and F. Pan, Effects of Annealing Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of LZ91 Alloy, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 36(18), p 2010–2017.
J. Wang, X.H. Liu, and X.K. Sun, Study on the Relationship Between Asymmetrical Rolling Deformation Zone Configuration and Rolling Parameters, Int. J. Mech. Sci., 2020, 187, p 105905.
Acknowledgments
The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [No. 51564032] and the Analysis and testing foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology [2021M20202230047]
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
JL contributed to Investigation, Methodology, Data curation, Writing–review & editing. HH contributed to Investigation, Methodology, Data curation. LL contributed to Software support, Methodology, Visualization. JW contributed to Resources, Investigation, Data curation, Funding acquisition. ZF contributed to Investigation, Methodology, Data curation. BX contributed to Validation, Visualization.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Li, J., Hu, H., Li, L. et al. Reducing Mechanical Anisotropy in Dual-Phase Mg-9Li-1Zn Alloy by Control of Single-Pass Reduction during Asymmetric Rolling. J. of Materi Eng and Perform (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-08802-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-08802-8