Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

In Situ Microtexture Hydrodynamic Lubrication Characteristics of Ductile Cast Iron Crankshaft Surface

  • Technical Article
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Improving the tribology performance of the crankshaft surface is of great significance to enhance vehicle running stability and reduce energy consumption. After vibration polishing on the surface of nodular cast iron, the graphite balls fall off to form in situ microtexture, which enhances the dynamic lubrication performance of the oil film. The surface tribological properties were evaluated by simulation and friction and wear experiments, and the effects of in situ microtexture parameters on hydrodynamic lubrication were discussed. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the surface has an in situ microtexture, which is helpful to decrease wear and increase hydrodynamic lubrication performance. When the texture diameter was 50 μm and the in situ texture density was 9%, the crankshaft has the highest hydrodynamic lubrication effect, and the reduction friction was obvious. The tribological performance of the crankshaft was also increased by the bearing capacity of film between friction pairs. Compared with forged steel, the surface wear of nodular cast iron is slight, and the wear behavior mainly includes microcutting and extrusion wear debris. The size and density of in situ texture are the keys to improving wear resistance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. G.A. Artola, A. Monzón, J. Lacaze, and J. Sertucha, Tensile Properties and Fracture Toughness at Service Temperatures of an Optimized Pearlitic Ductile Iron Alloy for Automotive Crankshafts, Mat. Sci. Eng. A., 2022, 831, p 142206.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. O. Asi, Failure Analysis of a Crankshaft Made from Ductile Cast Iron, Eng. Fail. Anal., 2006, 13, p 1260–1267.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Q. Liu, B.Q. Huo, Y.S. Liu, and J.C. Zhu, A Study on Diesel Engine Crankshaft Bearing Failure Analysis with Consideration of Bearing Lubrication, Ind. Lubr. Tribol., 2022, 74(1), p 118–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. J. Zhang and Q.B. Dong, Lubrication Performance Analysis of Crankshaft Bush in Compressor, Eng. Fail. Anal., 2018, 90, p 277–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. E. Zadorozhnaya, I. Levanov, and V. Erkin, Assessing Resource of Internal Combustion Engine Crankshaft Bearing in Consideration of Transient Regime, Procedia. Eng., 2017, 206, p 734–738.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. S. Han and H. Huh, Evaluation of a Cast-joining Process of Dual-metal Crankshafts with Nodular Cast Iron and Forged Steel for Medium Speed Diesel Engines, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Tech., 2012, 63, p 319–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. K. Wang and Z. Ding, Wear Damage Analysis of Crankshaft Journal of a Low-speed Diesel Engine, Intern. Combust. Engines., 2020, 01, p 31–34.

    Google Scholar 

  8. F.X. Wang, W. Zhen, and J.X. Deng, Repair and Analysis of Crankshaft for Large Marine Low Speed Diesel Engine, Intern. Combust. Engine Parts., 2021, 11, p 173–175. ((in Chinese))

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. D.Q. He, C. He, W.S. Li, L.L. Shang, L.P. Wang, and G.G. Zhang, Tribological Behaviors of In-Situ Textured DLC Films under Dry and Lubricated Conditions, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2020, 525, p 146581.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Y.F. Xu, Q. Zheng, R. Abuflaha, D. Olson, O. Furlong, T. You, Q.Q. Zhang, X.G. Hu, and W.T. Tysoe, Influence of Dimple Shape on Tribofilm Formation and Tribological Properties of Textured Surfaces under Full and Starved Lubrication, Tribol. Int., 2019, 136, p 267–275.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. J.S. Chen and Z. Wu, Effect of Textured Dimples on the Tribological Behavior of WC/Co Cemented Carbide in Dry Sliding with Al2O3/WC Ceramic, Micromachines, 2022, 13(8), p 1269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. G. Wieslaw, P. Pawel, W. Slawomir, K. Waldemar, and W. Michal, Evolutions of Cylinder Liner Surface Texture and Tribological Performance of Piston Ring-liner Assembly, Tribol. Int., 2018, 127, p 545–556.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. H. Li, J.S. Zhao, S.X. Cui, Z.W. Zhang, and S.B. Yang, Influence of Surface Profile on Lubrication Performance of Engine Main bearings, Lubr. Eng., 2018, 43, p 49–54.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. L.J. Yang, Y. Ding, B. Cheng, J.T. He, and G.W. Wang, Investigations on Femtosecond Laser Modified Micro-textured Surface with Anti-friction Property on Bearing Steel GCr15, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2018, 434, p 831–842.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. M.K. Gupta, Q.H. Song, Z.Q. Liu, R. Singh, M. Sarikaya, and N. Khanna, Tribological Behavior of Textured Tools in Sustainable Turning of Nickel Based Super Alloy, Tribol. Int., 2021, 155, p 106775.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. S.A. Yassmin, M.P. Jose, A.F.M. Arif, F.L. Amorim, R.D. Torres, and S.C. Veldhuis, The Effect of Laser Micro-scale Textured Tools on the Tool-chip Interface Performance and Surface Integrity during Austenitic Stainless-steel Turning, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2020, 510, p 145455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. B. Noël and T. Bernard, Numerical Analysis of a Surface-textured Mechanical Seal Operating in Mixed Lubrication Regime, Tribol. Int., 2012, 49, p 80–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. I. Etsion, Improving Tribological Performance of Mechanical Components by Laser Surface Texturing, Tribol. Lett., 2004, 17(4), p 733–737.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. J. Yang, Z. Liu, Q. Cheng, and T. Deng, The Effect of Wear on the Frictional Vibration Suppression of Water-lubricated Rubber Slat with/without Surface Texture, Wear, 2019, 426–427(30), p 1304–1317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. C. Shen and M.M. Khonsari, Tribological and Sealing Performance of Laser Pocketed Piston Rings in a Diesel Engine, Tribol. Lett., 2016, 64(2), p 26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. X.X. Zhou, X.J. Pang, S.W. Yue, Y.Y. Hang, H. Zhang, and B. Yu, Tribological Properties of the Lubricant Combination of Surface Texture and Ionic Liquids, Tribology., 2021, 41(06), p 995–1003. ((in Chinese))

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. D. Li, X.F. Yang, C.Y. Lu, J. Cheng, S.R. Wang, and Y.J. Wang, Tribological Characteristics of a Cemented Carbide Friction Surface with Chevron Pattern Micro-texture Based on Different Texture Density, Tribol. Int., 2020, 142, p 106016.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Y.Q. Xing, J.X. Deng, X.S. Wang, K. Ehmann, and J. Cao, Experimental Assessment of Laser Textured Cutting Tools in Dry Cutting of Aluminum Alloys, J. Manuf. Sci. E., 2016, 138(7), p 071006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. H. Zhang, D.Y. Zhang, M. Hua, G.N. Dong, and K.S. Chin, A Study on the Tribological Behavior of Surface Texturing on Babbitt Alloy under Mixed or Starved Lubrication, Tribol. Lett., 2014, 56(2), p 305–315.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. D.S. Yan, N.S. Qu, H.S. Li, and X.L. Wang, Significance of Dimple Parameters on the Friction of Sliding Surfaces Investigated by Orthogonal Experiments, Tribol. T., 2010, 53(5), p 703–712.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. H. Zhang, Y. Liu, M. Hafezi, M. Hua, and G.N. Dong, A Distribution Design for Circular Concave Textures on Sectorial Thrust Bearing Pads, Tribol. Int., 2020, 149, p 105733.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. D.Y. Zhang, F.F. Zhao, Y. Li, P.Y. Li, Q.F. Zeng, and G.N. Dong, Study on Tribological Properties of Multi-layer Surface Texture on Babbitt Alloys Surface, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2016, 390, p 540–549.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. H. Zhang, M. Hua, G.N. Dong, D.Y. Zhang, and K.S. Chin, A Mixed Lubrication Model for Studying Tribological Behaviors of Surface Texturing, Tribol. Int., 2016, 93, p 583–592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Y.Q. Xing, X. Li, R.Y. Hu, X.Y. Long, Z. Wu, and L. Liu, Numerical Analyses of Rectangular Micro-textures in Hydrodynamic Lubrication Regime for Sliding Contacts, Meccanica, 2021, 56(7), p 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Q.M. Hou, X.F. Yang, D. Li, J. Cheng, S.R. Wang, J.P. Xiao, and W.Y. Li, Tribological Performance of Hydrophobic and micro/nano Triangle Textured Rake Face of Cutting Tools, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2022, 571, p 151250.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. J.H. Wang, Z.J. Yan, Z.Y. Shen, and X.X. Pan, Three-Dimensional CFD Analysis of the Influence of Surface Texture Morphology Parameters on Lubrication Performance, Lubr. Eng., 2021, 46(07), p 37–43. ((in Chinese))

    Google Scholar 

  32. K.M. Pedersen and N.S. Tiedje, Graphite Nodule Count and Size Distribution in Thin-walled Ductile Cast Iron, Mater. Charact., 2008, 59(8), p 1111–1121.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. E.S. Rebouas, A.M. Braga, R.C.P. Marques, and P.P.R. Filho, A New Approach to Calculate the Nodule Density of Ductile Cast Iron Graphite Using a Level Set, Measurement, 2016, 89, p 316–321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. C.J. Li, J.S. Zhao, G.X. Zhu, X.C. Li, and G.D. Zhang, Influence of Crankshaft Journal Profile on Lubrication of Main Bearing, Lubr. Eng., 2021, 46(04), p 51–56. ((in Chinese))

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. J.L. Xu, Q. Yu, W.T. Liu, and L. Zou, Lubrication Characteristics Research Based on CFD for Tooth Surface Micro-dimple, Chin. Hydrau. Pneumatics., 2020, 03, p 76–83. ((in Chinese))

    Google Scholar 

  36. H. Li, H. Zhou, D.P. Zhang, P. Zhang, T. Zhou, and W. Su, Comparative Study of Induction Quenching and Laser Surface Texturing on Anti-wear Performance of 40Cr Steel, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2021, 30, p 2238–2244.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. K. Zhan, Y.L. Zhang, L. Bao, Z. Yang, B. Zhao, and V. Ji, Surface Characteristic and Wear Resistance of QT-700-2 Nodular Cast Iron after Laser Quenching Combing with Shot Peening Treatment, Surf. Coat. Tech., 2021, 423, p 127589.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Z. Wu, Y.Q. Xing, and J.S. Chen, Improving the Performance of Micro-Textured Cutting Tools in Dry Milling of Ti-6Al-4V Alloys, Micromachines., 2021, 12(8), p 945–945.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Y.Q. Xing, J.X. Deng, Z. Wu, and F.F. Wu, High Friction and Low Wear Properties of Laser-Textured Ceramic Surface Under Dry Friction, Opt. Laser. Technol., 2017, 93, p 24–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Y.Q. Xing, X.S. Wang, Z.H. Du, Z.W. Zhu, Z. Wu, and L. Liu, Synergistic Effect of Surface Textures and DLC Coatings for Enhancing Friction and Wear Performances of Si3N4/TiC Ceramic, Ceram. Int., 2021, 48(15), p 514–524.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work is supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (51872122), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2022ME041) Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Youth Innovation Science and Technology Program (2019KJB021), Shandong Provincial Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project (YDZX2022003) and Taishan Scholars and Youth Innovation in Science & Technology Support Plan of Shandong Province University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China

    Yifeng Zhang, Xuefeng Yang, Yalong Gao, Keyang Chen, Guojie Lv & Hui Yang

  2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China

    Jianchen Cong

  3. Tianrun Industry Technology Co., Ltd., Weihai, 264200, Shandong, China

    Jianchen Cong, Jun Sun & Shibo Shao

Authors
  1. Yifeng Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xuefeng Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jianchen Cong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jun Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Shibo Shao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yalong Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Keyang Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Guojie Lv
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Hui Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xuefeng Yang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest to this work. We declare that we do not have any commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the work submitted.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, Y., Yang, X., Cong, J. et al. In Situ Microtexture Hydrodynamic Lubrication Characteristics of Ductile Cast Iron Crankshaft Surface. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 32, 7390–7405 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-07663-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-07663-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation