Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Study of the Friction Properties of AA6082 and AA7075 Material Journal Bearings Coated with Micro Arc Oxidation

  • Technical Article
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, AA7075 and AA6082 alloy bearing materials were coated with Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO) method by keeping the electrolyte composition, electric current, coating period, and coating thickness fixed. Tests were conducted on AA7075 and AA6082 material bearings coated and non-coated with Statically Loaded Journal Bearing Test Apparatus (SLJBTA) with 5, 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 rpm shaft speeds and under the static bearing loads of 150, 250 and 500 N with the lubricant temperature of 40 °C. Mineral-based oil was used in the lubrication of the test bearings. The friction coefficients (µ) occurring in the bearing were measured. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used in the surface analyses of the bearing samples, and the material analyses were conducted with x-ray diffraction (XRD). It was determined from the experiments that while µ values were higher in both MAO-coated samples than the non-coated samples under the boundary lubrication conditions in low revolutions, the µ values of the coated samples decreased in high revolutions. Also, µ values increased in non-coated samples. In the aluminum alloys (AA6082 and AA7075), while MAO coating caused the µ values to increase under boundary lubrication conditions, it caused the µ values to decrease under liquid film lubrication conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. U. Malayoglu, K.C. Tekin, U. Malayoglu and S. Shrestha, An Investigation into the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation and Hard-anodized Coatings on 6082 Aluminum Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2011, 528, p 7451–7460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.06.032

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. P. Chen, Z. Wu, Q. Huang, S. Ji, Y. Weng, Z. Wu, Z. Ma, X. Chen, M. Weng, R.K. Fu, H. Lin, X. Tian, F. Pan and P.K. Chu, A Quasi-2D Material CePO4 and the self-lubrication in Micro-arc Oxidized Coatings on Al Alloy, Tribol. Int., 2019, 138, p 157–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2019.05.030

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. J. Wang, S. Huang, H. Huang, M. He and P. Wangyang, Effect of Micro-groove on Microstructure and Performance of MAO Ceramic Coating Fabricated on the Surface of Aluminum Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 2019, 777, p 94–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.10.374

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Z. Li and S. Di, Preparation and Properties of Micro-arc Oxidation Self-lubricating Composite Coatings Containing Paraffin, J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 719, p 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.05.138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. M. Zhu, Y. Song, K. Dong, D. Shan and E.-H. Han, Effect of Initial Oxide Film on the Formation and Performance of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coating on 7075 Aluminum Alloy, Acta Metall. Sin. (English Lett.), 2022 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40195-022-01378-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. R. Gecu, Y. Yurekturk, E. Tekoglu, F. Muhaffel and A. Karaaslan, IMPROVING Wear Resistance of 304 Stainless Steel Reinforced AA7075 Aluminum Matrix Composite by Micro-arc Oxidation, Surf. Coatings Technol., 2019, 368, p 15–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.04.029

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. R.H.U. Khan, A. Yerokhin, X. Li, H. Dong and A. Matthews, Surface Characterisation of DC Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Treated 6082 Aluminium Alloy: Effect of Current Density and Electrolyte Concentration, Surf. Coatings Technol., 2010, 205, p 1679–1688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.04.052

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. A. Polat, M. Makaraci and M. Usta, Influence of Sodium Silicate Concentration on Structural and Tribological Properties of Microarc Oxidation Coatings on 2017A Aluminum Alloy Substrate, J. Alloys Compd., 2010, 504, p 519–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.06.008

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. G. Sundararajan and L. Rama Krishna, Mechanisms Underlying the Formation of Thick Alumina Coatings Through the MAO Coating Technology, Surf. Coatings Technol., 2003, 167, p 269–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00918-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. H. Gao, M. Zhang, X. Yang, P. Huang and K. Xu, Effect of Na2SiO3 Solution Concentration of Micro-arc Oxidation Process on Lap-shear Strength of Adhesive-bonded Magnesium Alloys, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2014, 314, p 447–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.06.117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. X. Nie, L. Wang, E. Konca and A.T. Alpas, Tribological Behaviour of Oxide / Graphite Composite Coatings Deposited using Electrolytic Plasma Process, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2004, 189, p 207–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.08.025

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. M.D.M. Tavares, J.D.O. Vitoriano, R.C.L.D. Silva, A.R. Franco, G.B.D. Souza, J.A.P. Da Costa and C. Alves-Junior, Effect of Duty Cycle and Treatment Time on Electrolytic Plasma Oxidation of Commercially Pure Al Samples, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2019, 8, p 2141–2147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.01.020

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. P. Wang, T. Wu, Y.T. Xiao, J. Pu, X.Y. Guo, J. Huang and C.L. Xiang, Effect of Al2O3 Micro-powder Additives on the Properties of Micro-arc Oxidation Coatings Formed on 6061 Aluminum Alloy, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2016, 25, p 3972–3976. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11665-016-2255-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. L. Wang, Y. He, Y. Zhang, J. Cai, J. Zhou, J. Duszczyk and L. Katgerman, Modeling of Double Action Extrusion-A Novel Extrusion Process for Friction Characterization at the Billet-die Bearing Interface, Tribol. Int., 2010, 43, p 2084–2091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2010.05.011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. K. Funatani, Emerging Technology in Surface Modification of Light Metals, Surf. Coatings Technol., 2000, 133–134, p 264–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(00)00940-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. E. Durak, A Study on Friction Behavior of Rapeseed Oil as An Environmentally Friendly Additive in Lubricating Oil, Ind. Lubr. Tribol., 2004, 56(1), p 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1108/00368790410515362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Ö. Salman, The Analysis of Tribological Properties of the Vegetable Oils and Esters for Lubrication Purpose. PhD. Thesis, Süleyman Demirel University, Institutre of Science, (2011)

  18. M. Şimşek, Investigation of the Wear and Friction Behaviour of the AA7075 Alloy That is Covered with Micro Arc Oxidation and Al2O3 In Dry And Lubricated Conditions. PhD. Thesis, Süleyman Demirel University, Institutre of Science, (2014)

  19. Başoğul Y., Investigation of the Tribological Properties of AA6082 Alloy Coated By Micro Arc Oxidation in Different Lubricating Conditions, PhD. Thesis, Süleyman Demirel University, Institutre of Science, (2014)

  20. X. Nie, A. Leyland, H.W. Song, A.L. Yerokhin, S.J. Dowey and A. Matthews, Thickness Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Micro-arc Discharge Oxide Coatings on Aluminium Alloys, Surf. Coatings Technol., 1999, 116–119, p 1055–1060. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00089-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Z.Y. Li, Z.B. Cai, Y. Cui, J.H. Liu and M.H. Zhu, Effect of Oxidation Time on the Impact Wear of Micro-arc Oxidation Coating on Aluminum Alloy, Wear, 2019, 426–427, p 285–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2019.01.084

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. X. Yang, Y. He, D. Wang and W. Gao, Cathodic Micro-arc Electrodeposition of Thick Ceramic Coatings, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 2002, 5, p 33–34. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1445643

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Y. Gu, X. Zheng, Q. Liu, H. Ma, L. Zhang and D. Yang, Investigating Corrosion Performance and Corrosive Wear Behavior of Sol–gel/MAO-Coated Mg Alloy, Tribol. Lett., 2018 https://doi.org/10.1007/S11249-018-1052-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. X. Wang, C. Zhu, F. Liu, Z. Wei, Z. Su and L. Han, Influence of Process on 7075 Al-Alloy by Composite Arc Additive Manufacturing, Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 2022, 75, p 545–554. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12666-021-02451-Y/FIGURES/8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. G. Sabatini, L. Ceschini, C. Martini, J.A. Williams and I.M. Hutchings, Improving Sliding and Abrasive wear Behaviour of Cast A356 and Wrought AA7075 Aluminium Alloys by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation, Mater. Des., 2010, 31, p 816–828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.07.053

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. J. Baxi, P. Kar, H. Liang, A. Polat, M. Usta and A. Hikmet Ucisik, Tribological Characterization of Microarc Oxidized Alumina Coatings for Biological Applications, Vacuum, 2008, 83, p 217–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2008.03.085

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. A. Venugopal, R. Panda, S. Manwatkar, K. Sreekumar, L.R. Krishna and G. Sundararajan, Effect of Micro arc Oxidation Treatment on Localized Corrosion Behaviour of AA7075 Aluminum Alloy in 3.5 NaCl Solution, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc China (English Ed.), 2012, 22, p 700–710. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(11)61234-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Y.J. Oh, J.I. Mun and J.H. Kim, Effects of Alloying Elements on Microstructure and Protective Properties of Al2O3 Coatings Formed on Aluminum Alloy Substrates by Plasma Electrolysis, Surf. Coatings Technol., 2009, 204, p 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.07.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Z. Wu, Y. Xia, G. Li and F. Xu, Structure and Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Coatings Fabricated by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation on Aluminized Steel, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2007, 253, p 8398–8403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.04.007

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. H.H. Wu, Z.S. Jin, B.Y. Long, F.R. Yu and X.Y. Lu, Characterization of Microarc Oxidation Process on Aluminium Alloy, Chinese Phys. Lett., 2003, 20, p 1815–1818. https://doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/20/10/345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. A.L. Yerokhin, L.O. Snizhko, N.L. Gurevina, A. Leyland, A. Pilkington and A. Matthews, Discharge Characterization in Plasma, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys., 2003, 36, p 2110–2120.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. K.S. Tekin and A. Metin, Design and Construction of Boundary Lubricated Bearing Test Rig and Wear Analysis in Earthmoving Machinery, Eng. Mach., 2011, 52, p 70–79.

    Google Scholar 

  33. D.Z. Segu, S.G. Choi, J.H. Choi and S.S. Kim, The Effect of Multi-scale Laser Textured Surface on Lubrication Regime, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2013, 270, p 58–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.12.068

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. J.E. Shigley and C.R. Mischke, Mechanical Engineering Design, McGraw Hill, Singapore, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  35. H. ASM, Friction, Lubrication and Wear Tecnology, USA (1992)

  36. G.W Stachowiak, A.W. Batchelo, Engineering Tribology. Elsevier Butterworth- Heinemann, United States of America (2005)

  37. T. Şekercioğlu, Machine Elements. Birsen, Istanbul (2018)

  38. Y. Xing, J. Deng, Z. Wu and F. Wu, High Friction and Low Wear Properties of Laser-textured Ceramic Surface Under dry Friction, Opt. Laser Technol., 2017, 93, p 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2017.01.032

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. E. Durak, C. Kurbanoğlu and A. Bıyıklıoğlu, Decrease in Coefficient of Friction with PTFE Additives in Steadily Loaded Journal Bearings, Anadolu Üniversitesi Bilim Teknol. Derg., 2001, 2, p 299–307.

    Google Scholar 

  40. L.Y. Cui, R.C. Zeng, S.K. Guan, W.C. Qi, F. Zhang, S.Q. Li and E.H. Han, Degradation Mechanism of Micro-arc Oxidation Coatings on Biodegradable Mg-Ca Alloys: The Influence of Porosity, J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 695, p 2464–2476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.11.146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. N. Tala-Ighil, M. Fillon and P. Maspeyrot, Effect of Textured Area on the Performances of a Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing, Tribol. Int., 2011, 44, p 211–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2010.10.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. E. Durak, C. Kurbanoglu, A. Biyiklioğlu and H. Kaleli, Measurement of Friction Force and Effects of Oil Fortifier in Engine Journal Bearings under Dynamic Loading Conditions, Tribol. Int., 2003, 36, p 599–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-679X(02)00263-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank to Süleyman Demirel University Directorate of Scientific Research Projects Management Department that supports our thesis financially with Scientific Research Project No 3288-D1-12, and 2671-D-11.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey

    Mithat Şimşek

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey

    Yusuf Başoğul

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey

    Ertuğrul Durak

  4. Department of Metallurgy and Material Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey

    Uğur Malayoğlu

Authors
  1. Mithat Şimşek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yusuf Başoğul
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ertuğrul Durak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Uğur Malayoğlu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mithat Şimşek.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Şimşek, M., Başoğul, Y., Durak, E. et al. The Study of the Friction Properties of AA6082 and AA7075 Material Journal Bearings Coated with Micro Arc Oxidation. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 32, 2307–2318 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-07289-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-07289-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation