Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of V Content on Phase Formation and Mechanical Properties of the CoFeNiMnVx High-Entropy Alloys

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The sigma phase (σ phase) helps to enhance the mechanical properties of high-entropy alloys (HEAs). In this study, several CoFeNiMnVx (x = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, and 1.50) HEAs were synthesized using vacuum arc melting to improve the strength of face-centered cubic (FCC)-type CoFeNiMn HEAs. Vanadium (V)’s influence on the microstructure evolution and compressive properties is investigated. Further, only a single-phase FCC solid solution is observed for alloys with x ≤ 1.00. In contrast, a mixture of FCC solid solution and intermetallic σ phase is observed for alloys with x > 1.00. The FCC phase lattice constant first increases and then decreases slightly with an increase in V content. Adding V improves the strength and microhardness of FCC-type CoFeNiMn HEAs but decreases their ductility. As V content increases, the yield strength significantly increases from 223 to 1545 MPa, whereas the fracture strain decreases from >55% (no fracture) to about 9.5%. Increasing V content also results in an increase in microhardness from 213 to 716 HV.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J.W. Yeh, S.K. Chen, S.J. Lin, J.Y. Gan, T.S. Chin, T.T. Shun, C.H. Tsau and S.Y. Chang, Nanostructured High-Entropy Alloys with Multiple Principal Elements: Novel Alloy Design Concepts and Outcomes, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2004, 6, p 299–303.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. J.W. Yeh, S.Y. Chang, Y.D. Hong, S.K. Chen and S.J. Lin, Anomalous Decrease in X-ray Diffraction Intensities of Cu–Ni–Al–Co–Cr–Fe–Si Alloy Systems with Multi-Principal Elements, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2007, 103, p 41–46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Y.P. Lu, Y. Dong, S. Guo, L. Jiang, H.J. Kang, T.M. Wang, B. Wen, Z.J. Wang, J.C. Jie, Z.Q. Cao, H.H. Ruan and T.J. Li, A Promising New Class of High-Temperature Alloys: Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys, Sci. Rep., 2014, 4, p 6200.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. K.X. Zhou, J.J. Li, Q.F. Wu, Z.L. Zhang, Z.J. Wang and J.C. Wang, Remelting Induced Fully-Equiaxed Microstructures with Anomalous Eutectics in the Additive Manufactured Ni32Co30Cr10Fe10Al18 Eutectic High-Entropy Alloy, Scripta Mater., 2021, 201, p 113952.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. N. Liu, W. Ding, X.J. Wang, J. Zhang, P.J. Zhou and C. Mu, Phases, Microstructures and Properties of Multi-Component FeCoNi-Based Alloys, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 36, p 654–660.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. N. Liu, M. Xu, Y.Y. Qian and P.J. Zhou, Microstructure, Phase Stability, and Oxidation Resistance of (FeCoNi)60Al15Cr25−xTix High-Entropy Alloys, J. Alloys. Compd., 2021, 870, p 159320.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. A. Verma, P. Tarate, A.C. Abhyankar, M.R. Mohape, D.S. Gowtam, V.P. Deshmukh and T. Shanmugasundaram, High Temperature Wear in CoCrFeNiCux High Entropy Alloys: The Role of Cu, Scripta Mater., 2019, 161, p 28–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. H. Jiang, D.X. Qiao, Y.P. Lu, Z. Ren, Z.Q. Cao, T.M. Wang and T.J. Li, Direct Solidification of Bulk Ultrafine-Microstructure Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys with Outstanding Thermal Stability, Scripta Mater., 2019, 165, p 145–149.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Y. Yu, F. He, Z.H. Qiao, Z.J. Wang, W.M. Liu and J. Yang, Effects of Temperature and Microstructure on the Triblogical Properties of CoCrFeNiNbx Eutectic High Entropy Alloys, J. Alloys Compd., 2019, 775, p 1376–1385.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Z.J. Wang, Y.Y. Huang, Y. Yang, J.C. Wang and C.T. Liu, Atomic-size Effect and Solid Solubility of Multicomponent Alloys, Scripta Mater., 2015, 94, p 28–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. C.B. Wei, L.W. Li, Y.P. Lu, X.H. Du and T.M. Wang, Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast AlxCrFe2N2 High-Entropy Alloys with Al Content, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2021, 52, p 1850–1860.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Y.P. Lu, X.Z. Gao, L. Jiang, Z.N. Chen, T.M. Wang, J.C. Jie, H.J. Kang, Y.B. Zhang, S. Guo, H.H. Ruan, Y.H. Zhao, Z.Q. Cao and T.J. Li, Directly Cast Bulk Eutectic and Near-Eutectic High Entropy Alloys with Balanced Strength and Ductility in a Wide Temperature Range, Acta Mater., 2017, 124, p 143–150.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. T.X. Li, Y.P. Lu, T.M. Wang and T.J. Li, Grouping Strategy via d-orbit Energy Level to Design Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2021, 119, p 071905.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. M.N. Zhang, X.L. Zhou and J.H. Li, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Refractory CoCrMoNbTi High-Entropy Alloy, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2017, 26, p 3657–3665.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. L.P. Huang, M.H. Long, W.S. Liu and S. Li, Effects of Cr on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Hydrogen Desorption Behaviors of ZrTiNbMoCr High Entropy Alloys, Mater. Lett., 2021, 293, p 129718.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. X.J. Wang, M. Xu, N. Liu and L.X. Liu, The Formation of Sigma Phase in the CoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloys, Mater. Res. Express, 2021, 8, p 076514.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. G.A. Salishchev, M.A. Tikhonovsky, D.G. Shaysultanov, A.V. Kuznetsov, I.V. Kolodiy, A.S. Tortika and O.N. Senkov, Effect of Mn and V on Structure and Mechanical Properties of High-Entropy Alloys Based on CoCrFeNi System, J. Alloys Compd., 2014, 591, p 11–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. N.D. Stepanov, D.G. Shaysultanov, G.A. Salishchev, M.A. Tikhonovsky, E.E. Oleynik, A.S. Tortika and O.N. Senkov, Effect of V Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the CoCrFeMnNiVx High Entropy Alloys, J. Alloys Compd., 2015, 628, p 170–185.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. G. Qin, Z.B. Li, R.R. Chen, H.T. Zheng, C.L. Fan, L. Wang, Y.Q. Su, H.S. Ding, J.J. Guo and H.Z. Fu, CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloys Reinforced with Laves Phase by Adding Nb and Ti Elements, J. Mater. Res., 2019, 34, p 1011–1020.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. M.R. Chen, S.J. Lin, J.W. Yeh, M.H. Chuang, S.K. Chen and Y.S. Huang, Effect of Vanadium Addition on the Microstructure, Hardness, and Wear Resistance of Al0.5CoCrCuFeNi High-Entropy Alloy, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2006, 37, p 1363–1369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. N.Y. Yurchenko, N.D. Stepanov, D.G. Shaysultanov, M.A. Tikhonovsky and G.A. Salishcheva, Effect of Al Content on Structure and Mechanical Properties of the AlxCrNbTiVZr (x = 0; 0.25; 0.5; 1) High-Entropy Alloys, Mater. Charac., 2016, 121, p 125–134.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. T.T. Zuo, Microstructure and Properties of Co-Fe-Ni Based Magnetic High Entropy Alloys, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2016

  23. G. Qin, S. Wang, R.R. Chen, H.T. Zheng, L. Wang, Y.Q. Su, J.J. Guo and H.Z. Fu, Improvement of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CoCrCuFeNi High-Entropy Alloys by V Addition, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2019, 28, p 1049–1056.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. R.R. Chen, G. Qin, H.T. Zheng, L. Wang, Y.Q. Su, Y.L. Chiu, H.S. Ding, J.J. Guo and H.Z. Fu, Composition Design of High Entropy Alloys Using the Valence Electron Concentration to Balance Strength and Ductility, Acta Mater., 2018, 144, p 129–137.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Y. Zhang, Y.J. Zhou, J.P. Lin, G.L. Chen and P.K. Liaw, Solid-solution Phase Formation Rules for Multi-Component Alloys, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2008, 10, p 534–538.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. S. Guo, C. Ng, J. Lu and C.T. Lu, Effect of valence Electron Concentration on Stability of fcc or bcc Phase in High Entropy Alloys, J. Appl. Phys., 2011, 109, p 103505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. S. Guo and C.T. Liu, Phase Stability in High Entropy Alloys: Formation of Solid-Solution Phase or Amorphous Phase, Prog. Nat. Sci.: Mater, Int., 2011, 21, p 433–446.

    Google Scholar 

  28. X. Yang and Y. Zhang, Prediction of High-Entropy Stabilized Solid-Solution in Multicomponent Alloys, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2012, 132, p 233–238.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. B. Chanda and J. Das, Composition Dependence on the Evolution of Nanoeutectic in CoCrFeNiNbx (0.45 ≤ x ≤ 0.65) High Entropy Alloys, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2018, 20, p 1700908.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. F.R. de Boer, R. Boom, W.C.M. Mattens, A.R. Miedema, and A.K. Niessen Eds., Cohesion in Metals: Transition Metal Alloys, North Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  31. M.H. Tsai, K.Y. Tsai, C.W. Tsai, C. Lee, C.C. Juan and J.W. Yeh, Criterion for Sigma Phase Formation in Cr- and V-Containing High-Entropy Alloys, Mater. Res. Lett., 2013, 1, p 207–212.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. K.U. Kainer, Metal Matrix Composites, Betz-Druck GmbH, Darmstadt, 2006

  33. W.Y. Huo, H. Zhou, F. Fang, X.F. Zhou, Z.H. Xie and J.Q. Jiang, Microstructure and Properties of Novel CoCrFeNiTax Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys, J. Alloys Compd., 2018, 735, p 897–904.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51301125, 51971166, 51904218), the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (No. 2020JM-557), and the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in NWPU (No. SKLSP201811).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710021, People’s Republic of China

    Man Zhu, Mao Zhang, Lijuan Yao, ZiQi Jie, Yongqin Liu, Kun Li & Zengyun Jian

Authors
  1. Man Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mao Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Lijuan Yao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. ZiQi Jie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yongqin Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Kun Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Zengyun Jian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Man Zhu.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhu, M., Zhang, M., Yao, L. et al. Effect of V Content on Phase Formation and Mechanical Properties of the CoFeNiMnVx High-Entropy Alloys. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 31, 3151–3158 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-06428-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-06428-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation