Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Microstructure and Properties of AlCoCrFeNiTi High-Entropy Alloy Coating on AISI1045 Steel Fabricated by Laser Cladding

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

AISI1045 steel is widely used in mechanical engineering. In spite of the favorable toughness and strength, the surface properties of AISI1045 steel, such as hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, are not ideal. Therefore, surface modification of AISI1045 is necessary, especially for the parts suffering severe work condition. Laser cladding is a promising surface modification technology. In this work, the AlCoCrFeNiTi high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings were prepared on the AISI1045 steel to improve its surface properties. Metallurgical bonding is obtained between the coating and the substrate. The microstructure and surface properties of the coating were characterized by scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive spectrometry, x-ray diffraction, electrochemical workstation, microhardness tester and pin-on-ring wear tester. The microstructure of the coating produced by laser cladding is dendritic. The AlCoCrFeNiTi HEA coating is mainly composed of disordered body-centered cubic phase (Fe-Cr), ordered B2 phase (AlNi) and intermetallic phase (Ti-rich). The coating shows excellent abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance in comparison with the substrate. The maximum microhardness of the coating reaches approximately 865 HV, which is 4.5 times of AISI1045 steel.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. S.Y. Dong, B.S. Xu, L.Z. Du, and Y. Hua, Sand-Wear Resistance of Brush Electroplated Nanocomposite Coating in Oil and Its Application to Remanufacturing, Cent. South. Univ., 2005, 12(s2), p 176–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. T.K. Cao and Z.J. Xiao, Tribological Behaviors of Self-lubricating Coating Prepared by Electrospark Deposition, Tribol. Lett., 2014, 56(2), p 231–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Z.Z. Fu and R. Koc, TiNiFeCrCoAl High-Entropy Alloys as Novel Metallic Binders for TiB2-TiC Based Composites, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2018, 735, p 302–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. G.L. Li, Y.L. Li, T.S. Dong, H.D. Wang, X.D. Zheng, and X.K. Zhou, Microstructure and Wear Resistance of TIG Remelted NiCrBSi Thick Coatings, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2018, 2018, p 1–10

    Google Scholar 

  5. J.B. Cheng, X.B. Liang, Z.H. Wang, and B.S. Xu, Synthesis and Erosion Behaviors of Nanoscale Coatings Prepared by Wire Arc Spraying, Rare Met. Mater. Eng., 2012, 41(s1), p 144–147

    Google Scholar 

  6. J.W. Yeh, S.K. Chen, S.J. Lin, J.Y. Gan, T.S. Chin, T.T. Shun, C.H. Tsau, and S.Y. Chang, Nanostructured High-Entropy Alloys with Multiple Principal Elements: Novel Alloy Design Concepts and Outcomes, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2004, 6(5), p 299–303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. O.N. Senkov, S.V. Senkova, D.M. Dimiduk, C. Woodward, and D.B. Miracle, Oxidation Behavior of a Refractory NbCrMo0.5Ta0.5TiZr Alloy, J. Mater. Sci., 2012, 47(18), p 6522–6534

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. J.B. Li, B. Gao, S. Tang, B. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Wang, and J.W. Wang, High Temperature Deformation Behavior of Carbon-Containing FeCoCrNiMn High Entropy Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 2018, 747, p 571–579

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. R. Zhou, G. Chen, B. Liu, J.W. Wang, L.L. Han, and Y. Liu, Microstructures and Wear Behaviour of (FeCoCrNi)1−x(WC)x, High Entropy Alloy Composites, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 2018, 75, p 56–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. M. Cheng, X.H. Shi, H.J. Yang, P.K. Liaw, M.C. Gao, J.A. Hawk, and J.W. Qiao, Wear Behavior of Al0.6CoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloys: Effect of Environments, J. Mater. Res., 2018, 33(19), p 3310–3320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. A. Manzoni, H. Daoud, R. Völkl, U. Glatzel, and N. Wanderka, Phase Separation in Equiatomic AlCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy, Ultramicroscopy, 2013, 132(3), p 212–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Y.X. Wang, Y.J. Yang, H.J. Yang, M. Zhang, S.G. Ma, and J.W. Qiao, Microstructure and Wear Properties of Nitrided AlCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2017, 210(SI), p 233–239

    Google Scholar 

  13. D.Y. Lin, N.N. Zhang, B. He, G.W. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and D.Y. Li, Tribological Properties of FeCoCrNiAlBx High-Entropy Alloys Coating Prepared by Laser Cladding, J. Iron Steel Res. Int., 2017, 24(2), p 184–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. J.M. Zhu, H.M. Fu, H.F. Zhang, A.M. Wang, H. Li, and Z.Q. Hu, Synthesis and Properties of Multiprincipal Component AlCoCrFeNiSix Alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2010, 527(27), p 7210–7214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Y.J. Zhou, Y. Zhang, Y.L. Wang, and G.L. Chen, Solid Solution Alloys of AlCoCrFeNiTix with Excellent Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2007, 90(18), p 253

    Google Scholar 

  16. B. He, N.N. Zhang, D.Y. Lin, Y. Zhang, F.Y. Dong, and D.Y. Li, The Phase Evolution and Property of FeCoCrNiAlTix High-Entropy Alloying Coatings on Q253 via Laser Cladding, Coatings, 2017, 7(10), p 157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Y. Yuan, J. Wang, J.S. Li, J. Yang, H.C. Kou, and W.M. Liu, Tribological Behavior of AlCoCrFeNi(Ti0.5) High Entropy Alloys Under Oil and MACs Lubrication, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2016, 32, p 470–476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. M.H. Chuang, M.H. Tsai, W.R. Wang, S.J. Lin, and J.W. Yeh, Microstructure and Wear Behavior of AlxCo1.5CrFeNi1.5Tiy, High-Entropy Alloys, Acta Mater., 2011, 59(16), p 6308–6317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. L.H. Tian, W. Xiong, C. Liu, S. Lu, and M. Fu, Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Atmospheric Plasma-Sprayed AlCoCrFeNiTi High-Entropy Alloy Coating, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2016, 25(12), p 1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. V. Soare, D. Mitrica, I. Constantin, V. Badilita, F. Stoiciu, A.M.J. Popescu, and I. Carcea, Influence of Remelting on Microstructure, Hardness and Corrosion Behaviour of AlCoCrFeNiTi High Entropy Alloy, Mater. Sci. Tech. Lond., 2015, 31(10), p 1194–1200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. V. Ocelík, N. Janssen, S.N. Smith, and J.T.M.D. Hosson, Additive Manufacturing of High-Entropy Alloys by Laser Processing, Jom-Us, 2016, 68(7), p 1810–1818

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Z.T. Gan, H. Liu, S.X. Li, X.L. He, and G. Yu, Modeling of Thermal Behavior and Mass Transport in Multi-layer Laser Additive Manufacturing of Ni-Based Alloy on Cast Iron, Int. J. Mass. Trans., 2017, 11, p 709–722

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Y. Hu, X. He, G. Yu, Z.F. Ge, C.Y. Zheng, and W.J. Ning, Heat and Mass Transfer in Laser Dissimilar Welding of Stainless Steel and Nickel, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2012, 258(15), p 5914–5922

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. K.B. Zhang and Z.Y. Fu, Effects of Annealing Treatment on Phase Composition and Microstructure of CoCrFeNiTiAlx High-Entropy Alloys, Intermetallics, 2012, 22(3), p 24–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. H. Liu, J.B. Hao, Z.T. Han, G. Yu, X.L. He, and H.F. Yang, Microstructural Evolution and Bonding Characteristic in Multi-layer Laser Cladding of NiCoCr Alloy on Compacted Graphite Cast Iron, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2016, 232, p 153–164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Z.J. Wang, W.F. Qiu, Y. Yang, and C.T. Liu, Atomic-Size and Lattice-Distortion Effects in Newly Developed High-Entropy Alloys with Multiple Principal Elements, Intermetallics, 2015, 64, p 63–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. K. Rzyman, Z. Moser, R.E. Watson, and M. Weinert, Enthalpies of Formation of AlNi: Experiment Versus Theory, J. Phase Equilib., 1998, 19(2), p 106–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Y. Yu, W.M. Liu, T.B. Zhang, J.S. Li, J. Wang, H.C. Kou, and J. Li, Microstructure and Tribological Properties of AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 High-Entropy Alloy in Hydrogen Peroxide Solution, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2014, 45(1), p 201–207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. S. Singh, N. Wanderka, B.S. Murty, U. Glatzel, and J. Banhart, Decomposition in Multi-component AlCoCrCuFeNi High-Entropy Alloy, Acta Mater., 2011, 59(1), p 182–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. X. Yang and Y. Zhang, Prediction of High-Entropy Stabilized Solid-Solution in Multi-component Alloys, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2012, 132(2–3), p 233–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. S. Guo, C. Ng, J. Lu, and C.T. Liu, Effect of valence electron concentration on stability of fcc or bcc phase in high entropy alloys, J. Appl. Phys., 2011, 109(10), p 213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. K.J. Huang, X. Lin, Y.Y. Wang, C.S. Xie, and T.M. Yue, Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Cu0.9NiAlCoCrFe High Entropy Alloy Coating on AZ91D Magnesium Alloys by Laser Cladding, Mater. Res. Innov., 2014, 18(S2), p 1008–1011

    Google Scholar 

  33. X.W. Qiu, Y.P. Zhang, L. He, and C.G. Liu, Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of AlCrFeCuCo High Entropy Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 2013, 549(2), p 195–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2017QNA18) and the Project Funded by Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China

    Hao Liu, Jian Liu, Haifeng Yang, Jingbin Hao & Xianhua Tian

  2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mine Mechanical and Electrical Equipment, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China

    Hao Liu

  3. School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China

    Peijian Chen

Authors
  1. Hao Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jian Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Peijian Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Haifeng Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jingbin Hao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Xianhua Tian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jian Liu.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, H., Liu, J., Chen, P. et al. Microstructure and Properties of AlCoCrFeNiTi High-Entropy Alloy Coating on AISI1045 Steel Fabricated by Laser Cladding. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 28, 1544–1552 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-019-03949-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-019-03949-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation