Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Effect of Chemical Composition and Processing Technology on the Microstructure, Texture and Earing Behavior of DR Tinplate

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The influence of alloying elements and processing technology on the microstructure, crystallographic texture and earing propensity has been investigated in two kinds of DR tinplate differing in Ti content: steel A, no Ti addition, and steel B 0.015% added. The cementite distribution, second-phase particles and the content of dissolved carbon and nitrogen atoms were obtained by SEM, TEM and XPS, respectively. Since the two steels develop both a partial 〈110〉//RD fiber and a {111}//ND fiber, the relative intensities of the several vital texture components seem to differ visibly. There are three types of strengthening mechanisms involved here: strengthening by grain size reduction, solution strengthening and strain hardening. That the tensile strength of steel B is greater than A implies the third mode plays a dominant role in the strength increasing for the DR tinplate. The crystallographic texture of materials not only results in a “preferential orientation” of the mechanical property, but also takes the primary responsibility for ears forming during drawing. Increasing the second cold-rolled reduction is not favorable to reduce the ear height, but this situation seems to be ameliorable. The average ears height of steel B is smaller than that of A, which demonstrated a low level of solute atoms and an ideal texture characteristic before deformation could alleviate the adverse effect caused by an elevated second cold reduction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. E. Spišák, J. Slota, T. Kvačkaj, and A. Bobeni, The Influence of Tandem Mill Reduction on Double Reduced (DR) Tinplates Anisotropy, Metalurgija, 2006, 45(1), p 45–49

    Google Scholar 

  2. H.M. Alworth, J.T. Michalak, and S.A. Shei, The Effects of Second Cold Reduction on the Plastic Anisotropy, Crystallographic Texture and Earing Behavior of DR-9 Tin-Mill Product, J. Appl. Metalwork., 1987, 4(4), p 327–330

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. D. Raabe, Y. Wang, and F. Roters, Crystal Plasticity Simulation Study on the Influence of Texture on Earing in Steel, Comput. Mater. Sci., 2005, 34(3), p 221–234

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. M.R. Toroghinezhad, A.O. Humphreys, and J.J. Jonas, Effect of Chromium, Boron and Manganese Additions on the Deformation and Recrystallization Textures of Warm Rolled Low Carbon Steels, Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 2003, 43(11), p 1842–1850

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. H. Inagaki, Fundamental Aspect of Texture Formation in Low Carbon Steel, ISIJ Int., 2007, 34(4), p 313–321

    Google Scholar 

  6. T. Yamashita and P. Hayes, Analysis of XPS Spectra of Fe 2+, and Fe 3+, Ions in Oxide Materials, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2008, 254(8), p 2441–2449

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. T. Fujii, F.M.F. De Groot, G.A. Sawatzky, F.C. Voogt, T. Hibma, and T.K. Okada, In Situ XPS Analysis of Various Iron Oxide Films Grown by NO2-Assisted Molecular-Beam Epitaxy, Phys. Rev. B, 1999, 59(4), p 3195

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. A. Ghosh, P. Modak, R. Dutta, and D. Chakrabarti, Effect of MnS Inclusion and Crystallographic Texture on Anisotropy in Charpy Impact Toughness of Low Carbon Ferritic Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2015, 654, p 298–308

    Google Scholar 

  9. NIST online database. http://srdata.nist.gov/xps

  10. R. Valentini, R. Ishak, M.D. Sanctis, and A. Solina, New Continuous Annealing Cycle for Producing DDQ Steel Sheets for Automotive Industries, La Metall. Ital., 2003, 95(4), p 51–56

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. H. Abe, T. Suzuki, and K. Takagi, Effects of the Size and Morphology of Cementite Particles on the Annealing Texture in Low-Carbon Aluminum-Killed Steel, Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 1981, 21(2), p 100–108

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. R.K. Ray, J.J. Jonas, and R.E. Hook, Cold Rolling and Annealing Textures in Low Carbon and Extra Low Carbon Steels, Metall. Rev., 1994, 39(4), p 129–172

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. H. Inagaki, Fundamental Aspect of Texture Formation in Low Carbon Steel, ISIJ Int., 2007, 34(4), p 313–321

    Google Scholar 

  14. K. Koyama, H. Kato, and M. Nagumo, A Kinetics Model for Carbide Precipitation during Over-Aging in Continuous Annealing of Low-Carbon, Cold-Rolled Sheet Steels, Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 2009, 72(7), p 823–830

    Google Scholar 

  15. T.O.D. Souza and V.T.L. Buono, Optimization of the Strain Aging Resistance in Aluminum Killed Steels Produced by Continuous Annealing, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2003, 354(1), p 212–216

    Google Scholar 

  16. M. Janošec, I. Schindler, V. Vodárek, J. Palát, S. Rusz, P. Suchánek, M. RÜŽIČKA, and E. Místecký, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cold Rolled, Annealed HSLA Strip Steels, Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng., 2007, 7(2), p 29–38

    Google Scholar 

  17. L. Xiang, E.-B. Yue, D.D. Fan, and P. Zhao, Calculation of AIN and MnS Precipitation in Non-Oriented Electrical Steel Produced by CSP Process, J. Iron. Steel Res. Int., 2008, 15(5), p 88–94

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. S.K. Michelic, D. Loder, T. Reip, A.A. Barani, and C. Bernhard, Characterization of TiN, TiC and Ti(C, N) in Titanium-alloyed Ferritic Chromium Steels Focusing on the Significance of Different Particle Morphologies, Mater. Charact., 2015, 100, p 61–67

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. P. Ghosh, C. Ghosh, R.K. Ray, and D. Bhattacharjee, Precipitation Behavior and Texture Formation at Different Stages of Processing in an Interstitial Free High Strength Steel, Scr. Mater., 2008, 59(3), p 276–278

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. P. Ghosh, B. Bhattacharya, and R.K. Ray, Comparative Study of Precipitation Behavior and Texture Formation in Cold Rolled-batch Annealed and Cold Rolled-Continuous Annealed Interstitial Free High Strength Steels, Scr. Mater., 2007, 56(8), p 657–660

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. P. Ghosh, C. Ghosh, and R.K. Ray, Thermodynamics of Precipitation and Textural Development in Batch-Annealed Interstitial-Free High-Strength Steels, Acta Mater., 2010, 58(11), p 3842–3850

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. C. Jing, The Second-Phase Particles in Interstitial-Free(IF)Steels, Mater. Rev., 2005, 19, p 50–52

    Google Scholar 

  23. Y.L. Chen, Y. Wang, and A.M. Zhao, Precipitation of AlN and MnS in Low Carbon Aluminum-Killed Steel, J. Iron. Steel Res. Int., 2012, 19(4), p 51–56

    Google Scholar 

  24. Y. Kang, H. Yu, J. Fu, K. Wang, and Z. Wang, Morphology and Precipitation Kinetics of AlN in Hot Strip of Low Carbon Steel Produced by Compact Strip Production, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2003, 351(1), p 265–271

    Google Scholar 

  25. R. Radis and E. Kozeschnik, Kinetics of AlN Precipitation in Micro-Alloyed Steel, Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2010, 18(5), p 055003

    Google Scholar 

  26. H. Kato, K. Kawasaki K, O. Kazuo, 689 Nucleation Sites of Cementites in Grains that Precipitate During Overaging of C.A.P.L. Process(PROPERTIES OF IRON AND STEEL, The 106th ISIJ Meeting Programme), Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 1983, p 69

  27. K. Ushioda and H. Tsuchiya, Fundamentals for Controlling the Microstructure and Properties of Cold Rolled and Continuously Annealed Sheet Steels, Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 2013, 66(5–6), p 655–664

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. K. Ushioda, N. Yoshinaga, and O. Akisue, Influences of Mn on Recrystallization Behavior and Annealing Texture Formation in Ultralow-Carbon and Low-Carbon Steels, Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 2007, 34(1), p 85–91

    Google Scholar 

  29. I. Tsukatani, T. Inoue, and M. Sudo, Effects of Carbon and Manganese on the Recrystallization Texture of Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet, Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 2009, 79(2), p 201–208

    Google Scholar 

  30. M. Takahashi and A. Okamoto, Effects of Heating Rate, N Contents, and Mn Contents on Recrystallization Texture of Aluminum-Killed Steel Sheets, Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 2010, 61, p 2246–2262

    Google Scholar 

  31. R.K. Ray and J.J. Jonas, Transformation Textures in Steels, Metall. Rev., 1994, 35(1), p 1–36

    Google Scholar 

  32. H. Inagaki, Effect of Ti on the Development of Rolling Textures in High Purity Iron, Textures Microstruct., 1988, 8, p 173–189

    Google Scholar 

  33. J. Jia, L. Dai, S. Yuan, X. Song, Z. Yuan, and X. Chai, Effects of P and Ti on 111 Plane Texture in High Strength IF Steels, Chin. J. Mater. Res., 2011, 25(6), p 656–660

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. H. Yoshida, K. Okuda, H. Kawabe, T. Urabe, Y. Tanaka, Y. Hosoya, Effect of Niobium Addition on the Texture Formation of High Strength Cold-Rolled Low Carbon Steel Sheets, Mater. Sci. Forum, 2007, 558–559, p 425–430

    Google Scholar 

  35. M. Černík, R. Gburík, L. Hrabčáková, P. Vranec, Texture Analysis of Tinplate Steel and its Application in Production of Double Reduced High Strength Tinplate Grades with Controlled Earing Properties, 2015, (4), p 12108–12111

  36. W.D. Callister, D.G. Rethwisch, Materials Science and Engineering SI version, -8/E, Wiley, 2011

  37. J. Asensio, G. Romano, V.J. Martinez, J.I. Verdeja, and J.A. Pero-Sanz, Ferritic Steels: Optimization of Hot-Rolled Textures through Cold Rolling and Annealing, Mater. Charact., 2001, 47(2), p 119–127

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. S. Li and X. Zhang, A New Method for Predicting Earing Tendency of Textured Sheets, Acta Metall. Sin., 1996, 32(8), p 884–890

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. R. Saha, R.K. Ray, and D. Bhattacharjee, Attaining Deep Drawability and Non-Earing Properties in Ti+Nb Interstitial-Free Steels through Double Cold Rolling and Annealing, Scr. Mater., 2007, 57(3), p 257–260

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Science and Technology Beijing, School of Materials and Engineering, Beijing, 100086, China

    Xiao-fei Zheng, Lu-hai Liao, Yong-lin Kang & Quan-quan Qiu

  2. Shougang Jingtang United Iron and Steel Co Ltd, Tangshan, 063200, Hebei, China

    Wei Liu

Authors
  1. Xiao-fei Zheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lu-hai Liao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yong-lin Kang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Wei Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Quan-quan Qiu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yong-lin Kang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zheng, Xf., Liao, Lh., Kang, Yl. et al. The Effect of Chemical Composition and Processing Technology on the Microstructure, Texture and Earing Behavior of DR Tinplate. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 28, 485–497 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3803-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3803-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation