Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Stand-Off Distance on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ni/Al/Ni Laminates Prepared by Explosive Bonding

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ni/Al laminates are of great interest in many aerospace and military applications due to their excellent mechanical properties. However, their application has been limited in part due to challenges related to fabricating complex geometries. However, explosive welding is regarded as a promising technique to fabricate laminates. However, it is difficult to fabricate Ni/Al/Ni laminates with high interfacial shear strength and ductility if the stand-off distance has not been optimized during the explosion process. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of stand-off distance on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni/Al/Ni laminates, and SEM and EDS were used to characterize the morphology and element distribution of the double layer interface. Tensile and tensile-shear tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the laminates. The results indicated that with the increase in stand-off distance, three different kinds of interface were obtained (straight, wavy and continuously melted). Thickness of atomic diffusion layer increased with the increase in stand-off distance. Moreover, the Ni/Al/Ni laminates with wavy interface possessed highest value of ductility and interfacial bonding strength.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. V.C. Srivastava, S.G. Chowdhury, and V. Jindal, Microstructural Characteristics of Accumulative Roll-Bonded Ni–Al-Based Metal-Intermetallic Laminate Composite, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2012, 21(9), p 1912–1918

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. H. Wang, J. Han, S. Du et al., Reaction Synthesis of Nickel/Aluminide Multilayer Composites Using Ni and Al Foils: Microstructures, Tensile Properties, Deformation Behavior, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2007, 38(2), p 409–419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. R. Knepper, M.R. Snyder, G. Fritz et al., Effect of Varying Bilayer Spacing Distribution on Reaction Heat and Velocity in Reactive Al/Ni Multilayers, J. Appl. Phys., 2009, 105(8), p 302–631

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. J.S. Kim, T. LaGrange, B.W. Reed, M.L. Taheri, M.R. Armstrong, W.E. King, N.D. Browning, and G.H. Campbell, Imaging of Transient Structures Using Nanosecond in situ TEM, Science, 2008, 321, p 1472–1475

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. K.J. Blobaum, D.V. Heerden, A.J. Gavens et al., Al/Ni Formation Reactions: Characterization of the Metastable AlNi Phase and Analysis of its Formation, Acta Mater., 2003, 51(13), p 3871–3884

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. A.J. Gavens, D.V. Heerden, A.B. Mann et al., Effect of Intermixing on Self-Propagating Exothermic Reactions in Al/Ni Nanolaminate Foils, J. Appl. Phys., 2000, 87(3), p 1255–1263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. P. Hidalgo-Manrique, A. Orozco-Caballero, C.M. Cepeda-Jiménez et al., Influence of the Accumulative Roll Bonding Process Severity on the Microstructure and Superplastic Behaviour of 7075 Al Alloy, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2016, 32(8), p 774–782

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. M. Naseri, M. Reihanian, and E. Borhani, Effect of Strain Path on Microstructure, Deformation Texture and Mechanical Properties of Nano/Ultrafine Grained AA1050 Processed by Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB), Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2016, 673, p 288–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. J. Jiang, Y. Wang, J. Du et al., Properties of a-C:H:Si Thin Films Deposited by Middle-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2016, 379, p 516–522

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. C. Yang, B. Jiang, Z. Liu et al., Structure and Properties of Ti Films Deposited by DC Magnetron Sputtering, Pulsed DC Magnetron Sputtering and Cathodic Arc Evaporation, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2016, 304, p 51–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Y. Fan, S. Xu, J. Guo et al., Tensile Properties and Microstructures of Multilayer PtTiZr/Ti Laminate Composites Prepared by Hot Pressing and Rolling, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2016, 673, p 233–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. K. Aydın, Y. Kaya, and N. Kahraman, Experimental Study of Diffusion Welding/Bonding of Titanium to Copper, Mater. Des., 2012, 37, p 356–368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. J.J. Park, Numerical Analysis of Twin-Roll Casting to Fabricate a Laminated Sheet from Melts, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 2016, 100, p 590–598

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. M. Acarer, B. Gülenς, and F. Findik, Investigation of Explosive Welding Parameters and Their Effects on Microhardness and Shear Strength, Mater. Des., 2003, 24(8), p 659–664

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. M. Acarer, B. Gülenç, and F. Findik, The Influence of Some Factors on Steel/Steel Bonding Quality on There Characteristics of Explosive Welding Joints, J. Mater. Sci., 2004, 39(21), p 6457–6466

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. M. Acarer, B. G¨ulenç and F. Findik, Examination of Cracks and Fracture on Interfaces of Explosive Welded Metals by Using Tensile Shear and Bending Test, in Fifth International Fracture Conference, Firat University, Elazig, 2001, pp. 301–309.

  17. A. Durgutlu, B. Gülenç, and F. Findik, Examination of Copper/Stainless Steel Joints Formed by Explosive Welding, Mater. Des., 2005, 26(6), p 497–507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. A. Durgutlu, H. Okuyucu, and B. Gulenc, Investigation of Effect of the Stand-Off Distance on Interface Characteristics of Explosively Welded Copper and Stainless Steel, Mater. Des., 2008, 29(7), p 1480–1484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Xunzhong Guo, Jie Tao, Wentao Wang, Huaguan Li, and Chen Wang, Effects of the Inner Mould Material on the Aluminium–316L Stainless Steel Explosive Clad Pipe, Mater. Des., 2013, 49, p 116–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. P. Manikandan, K. Hokamoto, A.A. Deribas et al., Explosive Welding of Titanium/Stainless Steel by Controlling Energetic Conditions, Mater. Trans., 2006, 47(8), p 2049–2055

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. H.R.Z. Rajani and S.A.A.A. Mousavi, The Effect of Explosive Welding Parameters on Metallurgical and Mechanical Interfacial Features of INCONEL 625/Plain Carbon Steel Bimetal Plate, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2012, 556(9), p 454–464

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. R. Mendes, J.B. Ribeiro, and A. Loureiro, Effect of Explosive Characteristics on the Explosive Welding of Stainless Steel to Carbon Steel in Cylindrical Configuration, Mater. Des., 2013, 51(51), p 182–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. V.R. Ryabov, L.D. Dobrushin, and J.G. Moon, Welding of Bimetals: Welding and Allied Processes, E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute, Kiev, 2003

    Google Scholar 

  24. W. Klein, Doctoral thesis of the Technical university, Clausthal, 1970

  25. B.A. Greenberg, M.A. Ivanov, A.V. Inozemtsev et al., Microheterogeneous Structure of Local Melted Zones in the Process of Explosive Welding, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2015, 46(8), p 3569–3580

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. A.A.A. Mousavi and S.T.S. Al-Hassani, Numerical and Experimental Studies of the Mechanism of the Wavy Interface Formations in Explosive/Impact Welding, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 2005, 53(11), p 2501–2528

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. M.M.H. Athar and B. Tolaminejad, Weldability Window and the Effect of Interface Morphology on the Properties of Al/Cu/Al Laminated Composites Fabricated by Explosive Welding, Mater. Des., 2015, 86, p 516–525

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. P. Mastanaiah, G.M. Reddy, K.S. Prasad et al., An Investigation on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Explosive Cladded C103 Niobium Alloy Over C263 Nimonic Alloy, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2014, 214(11), p 2316–2324

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors greatly acknowledge the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20151469), the Research Fund of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Grant No. YAH17019), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. NJ20150023, No. NJ20160035 and No. NJ20160036) and “A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).”

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Advanced Materials and Forming Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100, People’s Republic of China

    Xunzhong Guo, Yannan Ma, Kai Jin, Hui Wang & Jie Tao

  2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Equipment Materials Engineering, Nanjing, 211100, People’s Republic of China

    Xunzhong Guo & Jie Tao

  3. College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100, People’s Republic of China

    Xunzhong Guo, Yannan Ma & Jie Tao

  4. Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute, Suzhou, 215004, People’s Republic of China

    Minyu Fan

Authors
  1. Xunzhong Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yannan Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kai Jin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hui Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jie Tao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Minyu Fan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xunzhong Guo.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Guo, X., Ma, Y., Jin, K. et al. Effect of Stand-Off Distance on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ni/Al/Ni Laminates Prepared by Explosive Bonding. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 26, 4235–4244 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-017-2890-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-017-2890-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation