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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Multi-Length Scale Analysis of the Effect of Fused-Silica Pre-shocking on its Tendency for Devitrification

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This article was retracted on 20 March 2017

Abstract

Recent studies have suggested that impact-induced devitrification of fused silica, or more specifically formation of high-density stishovite, can significantly improve ballistic-penetration resistance of fused silica, the material which is used in transparent armor. The studies have also shown that in order for stishovite to form during a ballistic impact event, very high projectile kinetic energy normalized by the projectile/fused-silica target-plate contact area must accompany such an event. Otherwise fused-silica devitrification, if taking place, does not substantially improve the material ballistic-penetration resistance. In the present work, all-atom molecular-level computations are carried out in order to establish if pre-shocking of fused-silica target-plates (to form stishovite) and subsequent unloading (to revert stishovite to the material amorphous structure) can increase fused silica’s propensity for stishovite formation during a ballistic impact. Towards that end, molecular-level computational procedures are developed to simulate both the pre-shocking treatment of the fused-silica target-plate and its subsequent impact by a solid right-circular cylindrical projectile. The results obtained clearly revealed that when strong-enough shockwaves are used in the fused-silica target-plate pre-shocking procedure, the propensity of fused silica for stishovite formation during the subsequent ballistic impact is increased, as is the associated ballistic-penetration resistance. To rationalize these findings, a detailed post-processing microstructural analysis of the pre-shocked material is employed. The results obtained suggest that fused silica pre-shocked with shockwaves of sufficient strength retain some memory/embryos of stishovite, and these embryos facilitate stishovite formation during the subsequent ballistic impact.

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Acknowledgments

The material presented in this paper is based on work supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) research contract entitled “Reactive-Moiety Functionalization of Polyurea for Increased Shock-Mitigation Performance”, Contract Number N00014-14-1-0286. The authors would like to express their appreciation to Dr. Roshdy Barsoum, ONR, program sponsor, for many helpful discussions, guidance, and continuing interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, 241 Engineering Innovation Building, Clemson, SC, 29634-0921, USA

    M. Grujicic, J. S. Snipes & S. Ramaswami

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  1. M. Grujicic
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  2. J. S. Snipes
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  3. S. Ramaswami
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Correspondence to M. Grujicic.

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The Publisher has retracted the following article from the Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance at the request of the Editor-in-Chief, following an investigation that revealed extensive duplication of previous publications.

M. Grujicic, J.S. Snipes and S. Ramawami, “Multi-Length Scale Analysis of the Effect of the Fused-Silica Pre-shocking on its Tendency for Devitrification,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform. (2016), 25, 995–1009.

This publication is a copy of M. Grujicic, J.S. Snipes and S. Ramawami, “The effect of fused-silica pre-shocking on its devitrification propensity and ballistic resistance: an all-atom molecular-level analysis,” J. Mater. Sci. Perform. (2016), 51, 3500–3512.

We regret the inconvenience caused our readers.

An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-017-2584-z.

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Grujicic, M., Snipes, J.S. & Ramaswami, S. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Multi-Length Scale Analysis of the Effect of Fused-Silica Pre-shocking on its Tendency for Devitrification. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 25, 995–1009 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-1940-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-1940-8

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