Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Investigating the Significance of Bicarbonate with the Corrosion of High-Strength Steel in CO2-Saturated Solutions

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents an electrochemical study on the corrosion behavior of API-X100 steel, heat-treated to have microstructures similar to those of the heat-affected zones (HAZs) of pipeline welding, in bicarbonate-CO2 saturated solutions. The corrosion reactions, onto the surface and through the passive films, are simulated by cyclic voltammetry. The interrelation between bicarbonate concentration and CO2 hydration is analyzed during the filming process at the open-circuit potentials. In dilute bicarbonate solutions, H2CO3 drives more dominantly the cathodic reduction and the passive films form slowly. In the concentrated solutions, bicarbonate catalyzes both the anodic and cathodic reactions, only initially, after which it drives a fast-forming thick passivation that inhibits the underlying dissolution and impedes the cathodic reduction. The significance of the substrate is as critical as that of passivation in controlling the course of the corrosion reactions in the dilute solutions. For fast-cooled (heat treatment) HAZs, its metallurgical significance becomes more comparable to that of slower-cooled HAZs as the bicarbonate concentration is higher.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. G. Bolzon, T. Boukharouba, G. Gabetta, M. Elboujdaini, and M. Mellas, Integrity of Pipelines Transporting Hydrocarbons: Corrosion, Mechanisms, Control, and Management, 1st ed., Springer, Dordrecht, 2011

    Book  Google Scholar 

  2. A. Otazo, PDVSA’S Possible Sale of CITGO and the Subsequent Ramifications on US Foreign and Energy Policy, Energy Policy, 2012, 42, p 89–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. A. Kemp, An Assessment of UK North Sea Oil and Gas Policies Twenty-Five Years, Energy Policy, 1990, 18, p 599–623

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. M. Ozturk, Y. Yuksel, and N. Ozek, A Bridge Between East and West: Turkey’s Natural Gas Policy, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2011, 15, p 4286–4294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. F. Eliyan and A. Alfantazi, Corrosion of the Heat-Affected Zones (HAZs) of API-X100 Pipeline Steel in Dilute Bicarbonate Solutions at 90 °C: An Electrochemical Evaluation, Corros. Sci., 2013, 74, p 297–307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. F. Mohammadi, F. Eliyan, and A. Alfantazi, Corrosion of Simulated Weld HAZ of API, X-80 Pipeline Steel, Corros. Sci., 2012, 63, p 323–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. F. Eliyan, F. Icre, A. Alfantazi, Passivation of HAZs of API-X100 Pipeline Steel in Bicarbonate-Carbonate Solutions at 298 K, Mater. Corros., 2013. doi:10.1002/maco.201206985

  8. R. Parkins and S. Zhou, The Stress Corrosion Cracking of C-Mn Steel in CO2-HCO3 −-CO3 2− Solutions. II. Electrochemical and Other Data, Corros. Sci., 1997, 39, p 175–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. F. Eliyan and A. Alfantazi, Influence of Temperature on the Corrosion of API-X100 Pipeline Steel in 1-Bar CO2-HCO3 − Solutions: An Electrochemical Study, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2013, 140, p 508–515

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. G. Burstein and D. Davies, The Electrochemical Behavior of Scratched Iron Surfaces in Aqueous Solutions, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1981, 128, p 33–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. E. Castro, C. Valentini, C. Moina, J. Vilche, and A. Arvia, The Influence of Ionic Composition on the Electrodissolution and Passivation of Iron Electrodes in Potassium Carbonate-Bicarbonate Solutions in the 8.4-10.5 pH Range at 25 °C, Corros. Sci., 1986, 26, p 791–793

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. C. Valentini and C. Moina, The Electrochemical Behavior of Iron in Stagnant and Stirred Potassium Carbonate-Bicarbonate Solutions in the 0-75 °C Temperature Range, Corros. Sci., 1985, 25, p 985–997

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. C. de Waard, D.E. Milliams, Prediction of Carbonic Acid Corrosion in Natural Gas Pipelines, First International Conference on the Internal and External Corrosion of Pipes, Paper F1, University of Durham, Durham, 1975

  14. S. Simard, M. Drogowska, and H. Menard, Electrochemical Behavior of 1024, Mild Steel in Slightly Alkaline Bicarbonate Solutions, J. Appl. Electrochem., 1997, 27, p 317–324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. D. Davies and G. Burstein, The Effects of Bicarbonate on the Corrosion and Passivation of Iron, Corrosion, 1980, 36, p 416–422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. E. Castro, J. Vilche, and A. Arvia, Iron Dissolution and Passivation in K2CO3-KHCO3 Solutions. Rotating Ring Disc Electrode and XPS Studies, Corros. Sci., 1991, 32, p 37–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Z. Lu, C. Huang, D. Huang, and W. Yang, Effects of a Magnetic Field on the Anodic Dissolution, Passivation and Transpassivation Behaviour of Iron in Weakly Alkaline Solutions with or Without Halides, Corros. Sci., 2006, 48, p 3049–3077

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. F. Eliyan, A. Alfantazi, Mechanisms of Corrosion and Electrochemical Significance of Metallurgy and Environment with Corrosion of Iron and Steel in Bicarbonate and Carbonate Solutions: A Review, Corrosion. doi:10.5006/1213, in press

  19. F. Eliyan, A. Alfantazi, Corrosion Cyclic Voltammetry of Two Types of Heat-Affected Zones (HAZs) of API-X100 Steel in Bicarbonate Solutions, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, under review

  20. G. Burstein and D. Davies, The Effects of Anions on the Behaviour of Scratched Iron Electrodes in Aqueous Solutions, Corros. Sci., 1980, 20, p 1143–1155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. E. Castro and J. Vilche, Electrooxidation/Electroreduction Processes at Composite Iron Hydroxide Layers in Carbonate-Bicarbonate Buffers, J. Appl. Electrochem., 1991, 21, p 543–551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. C. Rangel, I. Fonseca, and R. Leitão, Some Aspects of the Electrochemical Behavior of Mild Steel in Carbonate/Bicarbonate Solutions, Electrochim. Acta, 1986, 31, p 1659–1662

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. L. Niu and Y. Cheng, Corrosion Behaviour of X-70 Pipe Steel in Near-Neutral pH Solution, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2007, 253, p 8626–8631

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. B. Sherar, P. Keech, Z. Qin, F. King, D. Shoesmith, Nominally Aerobic Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Near-Neutral pH Saline Environments, Corrosion, 2010, 66, p 45001-1–45001-11

  25. G. Zhang and Y. Cheng, Micro-electrochemical Characterization and Mott-Schottky Analysis of Corrosion of Welded X70 Pipeline Steel in Carbonate/Bicarbonate Solution, Electrochim. Acta, 2009, 55, p 316–324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. A. Fu and Y. Cheng, Electrochemical Polarization Behavior of X70 Steel in Thin Carbonate/Bicarbonate Solution Layers Trapped Under a Disbonded Coating and its Implication on Pipeline SCC, Corros. Sci., 2010, 52, p 2511–2518

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. F. Eliyan, E. Mahdi, and A. Alfantazi, Electrochemical Evaluation of the Corrosion Behaviour of API-X100 Pipeline Steel in Aerated Bicarbonate Solutions, Corros. Sci., 2012, 58, p 181–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. F. Eliyan, E. Mahdi, Z. Farhat, and A. Alfantazi, Interpreting the Passivation of HSLA Steel from Electrochemical Corrosion Investigations in Bicarbonate-Oil Aqueous Emulsions, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2013, 8, p 3026–3038

    Google Scholar 

  29. B. Linter and G. Burstein, Reactions of Pipeline Steels in Carbon Dioxide Solutions, Corros. Sci., 1999, 41, p 117–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. D. Brasher, Stability of the Oxide Film on Metals in Relation to Inhibition of Corrosion. II. Dual Role of the Anion in the Mild Inhibition of the Corrosion of Mild Steel, Br. Corros. J., 1968, 4, p 122–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. J. Thomas, T. Nurse, and R. Walker, Anodic Passivation of Iron in Carbonate Solutions, Br. Corros. J., 1970, 5, p 87–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. M. Nagayama and M. Cohen, The Anodic Oxidation of Iron in a Neutral Solution II. Effect of Ferrous Ion and pH on the Behavior of Passive Iron, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1963, 110, p 670–680

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. L. Moiseeva, Carbon Dioxide Corrosion of Oil and Gas Field Equipment, Prot. Met, 2005, 41, p 76–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. K. Videm and A. Koren, Corrosion, Passivity, and Pitting of Carbon Steel in Aqueous Solutions of HCO3 −, CO2, and Cl−, Corrosion, 1993, 49, p 746–754

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

This publication was made possible by NPRP Grant # 09-211-2-089 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Corrosion Group, Department of Materials Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada

    Faysal Fayez Eliyan & Akram Alfantazi

Authors
  1. Faysal Fayez Eliyan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Akram Alfantazi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Faysal Fayez Eliyan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Eliyan, F.F., Alfantazi, A. Investigating the Significance of Bicarbonate with the Corrosion of High-Strength Steel in CO2-Saturated Solutions. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 23, 4082–4088 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-1200-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-1200-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation