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PEDOT: PSS for Reinforced Performances of Co/Ni-MOF as Flexible Supercapacitor Electrodes

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Abstract

To overcome the limitations of low conductivity and poor stability of metal–organic framework materials (MOFs) used in flexible supercapacitors, a high-performance flexible electrode material has been prepared by combining the conductive polymer poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with a cobalt and nickel bimetallic organic framework (Co/Ni-MOF). The optimal formula of the fabricated MOF-based electrode material was determined by screening tests of different metal pairwise combinations and the tuning of mutual ratios. The characterizations of x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) indicated that PEDOT:PSS wraps around the surface of Co/Ni-MOF and encapsulates it internally, which helps to increase the electrochemical surface active area between ions/electrons and the electrolyte, consequently forming a high-performance complex called PEDOT:PSS@Co/Ni-MOF in a homogeneous crystal consistent with that of Co/Ni-MOF. In the presence of PEDOT:PSS, the specific capacitance was up to 860.5 F g−1, which is 366.5 F g−1 higher than that of Co/Ni-MOF without PEDOT:PSS at the same current density of 494 F g−1. The electrode assembled from PEDOT:PSS@Co/Ni-MOF has a very high energy density of 38.24 Wh kg−1, while its power density is as high as 402.06 W kg−1. Broadly, the combination of conductive polymer and MOFs can improve the capacitance performance, electrical conductivity, and tensile properties of the MOFs, which provides a promising new strategy to improve the capacitance performance of metal–organic framework materials, and can be extended to other metallic oxide materials.

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Abbreviations

BTC:

1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid

BMOF:

Bimetallic organic framework

C s :

Specific capacitance

CV:

Cyclic voltammetry

Co:

Cobalt

Co(NO3)2·6H2O:

Cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate

Co/Ni-MOF:

Cobalt and nickel bimetallic organic framework

Cu:

Copper

Cu(NO3)2·3H2O:

Cupric nitrate trihydrate

DMF:

N, N-dimethylformamide

E :

Energy density

EDS:

Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy

EIS:

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Fe:

Iron

Fe(NO3)3·9H2O:

Ferric nitrate nonahydrate

GCD:

Galvanostatic charge and discharge

I :

Current density

m :

Mass of the active material

MOFs:

Metal–organic framework materials

Ni:

Nickel

Ni(NO3)2·6H2O:

Nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate

P :

Power density

PEDOT:

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)

PSS:

Poly(styrene sulfonate)

PEDOT:PSS:

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)

PEDOT:PSS@BMOF:

Poly(3, 4- ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrene sulfonate) complexed with bimetallic organic framework

PEDOT:PSS@Co/Ni-MOF:

Poly(3, 4- ethylenedioxythiophene): poly ( styrene sulfonate) complexed with cobalt and nickel bimetallic organic framework

PXRD:

Powder x-ray diffraction

S :

Seebeck coefficient

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

Δt :

Discharge time

TEM:

Transmission electron microscope

ΔV :

Potential window

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

Zn:

Zinc

Zn(NO3)2·6H2O:

Zinc nitrate hexahydrate

σ :

Electrical conductivity

\({\sigma }_{{E}_{0}}\) :

Transport coefficient

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFE0209500), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21976177, 22276191) .

Funding

National Key R& D Program of China, 2022YFE0209500, YUANXUN ZHANG, National Natural Science Foundation of China, 21976177, XIN ZHANG, 22276191, XIN ZHANG.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, China

    Wenkun Jiang, Yanmei Xu, Xiaodong Qin & Yongqi Zhu

  2. College Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Wenkun Jiang, Yinghui Han, Lijing Wang, Xin Zhang, Xiaodong Qin, Yongqi Zhu & Yuanxun Zhang

  3. China Datang Overseas Investment Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100052, China

    Xiaole Yu

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Writing—original draft and investigation, WJ; supervision, YH; conceptualization XY; validation YX; writing—review LW and XZ; grammar-modify XQ and YZ; funding acquisition YZ.

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Correspondence to Yinghui Han.

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Jiang, W., Han, Y., Yu, X. et al. PEDOT: PSS for Reinforced Performances of Co/Ni-MOF as Flexible Supercapacitor Electrodes. J. Electron. Mater. 52, 5543–5553 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-023-10507-6

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