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Preparation and Characterization of Different Concentrations of Palladium-Loaded Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Nanocomposites as an Efficient Hydrogen Gas Sensor at Room Temperature

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Abstract

This paper reports the deposition of Pd/g-C3N4-based thin films at different percentages of Pd loading (10%, 20%, and 40%) on an Astro-glass substrate in a temperature range of 350–400°C, using a simplistic nebulizer-based ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique. A mist of the precursor solution was produced utilizing a nebulizer. Dry airflow was used to transfer the formed mist on the thermally activated substrate, which allows deposition. The crystallinity and morphology of the deposited film were confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were performed to identify the chemical characteristics of the deposited film. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were performed to examine the thermal stability of the film. The surface area of the deposited film was analyzed using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory and the electrochemical route by Cu underpotential deposition (Cu-UPD). Response time for the 10% Pd/g-C3N4 film was beyond the measurable limit due to the high resistance of the film, whereas 40% Pd/g-C3N4 and 20% Pd/g-C3N4 showed response and recovery which is discussed in the results section. The sensitivity of the 20% Pd/g-C3N4 was found to be highest amongst all different loaded composites. These films were used for efficient hydrogen gas sensing at room temperature.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by IITB-Monash Research Academy, India (IMURA 0468 (A)). The authors would also like to thank the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India, and Monash University, Australia, for supporting this work. Also, the author would like to thank SAIF and the Central Facility at IIT Bombay for providing characterization facilities.

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  1. IITB-Monash Research Academy, Mumbai, India

    A. Ibrahim & U. B. Memon

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India

    A. Ibrahim, U. B. Memon & S. P. Duttagupta

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

    A. Ibrahim & U. B. Memon

  4. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

    R. K. Singh Raman

  5. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India

    A. Sarkar

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Ibrahim, A., Memon, U.B., Duttagupta, S.P. et al. Preparation and Characterization of Different Concentrations of Palladium-Loaded Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Nanocomposites as an Efficient Hydrogen Gas Sensor at Room Temperature. J. Electron. Mater. 52, 446–462 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-022-10011-3

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