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Study of the Effects of Doping Alkali Metal Ions on Cross-Linked Network of Epoxy Resins and Analysis of Insulation Properties

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Abstract

The presence of metal ions as impurities during the production and use of epoxy resin insulating materials can significantly affect the breakdown strengths and dielectric properties of epoxy resins. In this study, five epoxy resins with different alkali metal ions contents were prepared and their physicochemical parameters, such as glass transition temperature (Tg) and industrial frequency breakdown voltage, were examined. Increasing alkali metal ion mass fraction promoted the formation of a cross-linked epoxy resin network, with subsequent inhibition. Consequently, Tg and the cross-linking density of the epoxy resin increased at first and decreased subsequently. By contrast, the industrial frequency breakdown voltage decreased continuously with the increasing Na+ mass fraction. When the Na+ content was increased to 0.04 wt.%, Tg increased by 8°C, the cross-linking density increased by 32.6%, and the industrial frequency breakdown voltage decreased by 33.5%. The effects of Na+ content on the cross-linking reactions of the epoxy resin were further evaluated by studying the promotion and inhibition of these reactions using density functional theory. At a low Na+ content (<0.04 wt.%), Na+ bonded to the curing agent and resin molecule. Additionally, Na+ promoted the ring opening of the anhydride and epoxy resin molecule; however, at a higher Na+ content (>0.04 wt.%), Na+ combined with the epoxy groups in the epoxy resin molecules, forming O–Na bonds and thus inhibited the construction of the cross-linked network.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Science and Technology Project of the SGCC (5500-202158245A-0-0-00).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230000, Anhui, China

    Qian Liu, Bin Du, Yuxiang Mai & Yushun Zhao

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  1. Qian Liu
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  2. Bin Du
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  4. Yushun Zhao
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Correspondence to Bin Du.

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Liu, Q., Du, B., Mai, Y. et al. Study of the Effects of Doping Alkali Metal Ions on Cross-Linked Network of Epoxy Resins and Analysis of Insulation Properties. J. Electron. Mater. 51, 3141–3149 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-022-09571-1

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