Abstract
Due to the increased complexity and optimization in microprocessor packaging from 2D to 3D packages, the size of solder joints is being reduced significantly. This trend currently leads to an increased amount of current density across flip-chip solder joints as well as microbumps and causes electromigration-oriented void formation and subsequent failure of the solder joints. It has been observed from literature that solder material undergoes microstructure evolution and subsequent degradation of mechanical properties under isothermal aging conditions. The current study is based on the effects of material property degradation due to thermal aging of flip-chip Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) solder joints on electromigration-oriented failure. Finite element analysis has been used to analyze the diffusion characteristics of a SAC solder joint under isothermal aging conditions of 100°C for a period of 1–20 days, and electromigration simulation has been performed at two different temperatures of 100°C and 125°C for 100 h at an input current range of 0.01–0.05 A. The effect of intermetallic compound (IMC) layer thickness is analyzed to reveal the impact on electromigration-oriented failure in isothermally 60 days long aged solder bumps. Results have revealed that resistance to electromigration-oriented failure is higher in the case of aged components compared to unaged components along with the increment of time to failure with IMC formation in the SAC solder joint.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J.H. Lau, J. Electron. Package 138, 030802 (2016).
K.N. Tu, Solder Joint Technology (New York: Springer, 2007), pp. 211–243.
J.R. Black, in IEEE Conference Proceedings (1969), pp. 338–347
Y.H. Lin, C.M. Tsai, Y.C. Hu, Y.L. Lin, and C.R. Kao, J. Electron. Mater. 34, 27 (2005).
H. Ma, J.C. Suhling, P. Lall, and M.J. Bozack, in IEEE Conference Proceedings (2006), pp 849–864.
M. Motalab, Z. Cai, J. C. Suhling, J. Zhang, J.L. Evans, M.J. Bozack, and P. Lall, in IEEE Conference Proceedings (2012), pp. 513–531.
M.M. Basit, M. Motalab, J.C. Suhling, Z. Hai, J.L. Evans, M.J. Bozack, and P. Lall, in IEEE Conference Proceedings (2015), pp. 106–117.
M.S. Alam, KM.R. Hassan, J.C. Suhling, and P. Lall, in ASME Conference Proceedings (2018), pp. 8396:1–8396:19.
P. Lall, D. Zhang, V. Yadav, and D. Locker, Microelectron. Reliab. 62, 4 (2016).
A. Suzuki and Y. Mishin, J. Mater. Sci. 40, 3155 (2005).
C. Basaran and M. Lin, Mech. Mater. 40, 66 (2008).
Y. Liu, Y. Zhang, and L. Liang (2010), in IEEE Conference Proceedings (2010), pp. 544–552.
Y.W. Chang, Y. Cheng, L. Helfen, F. Xu, T. Tian, M. Scheel, M.D. Michiel, C. Chen, K.N. Tu, and T. Baumbach, Sci. Rep. 7, 17950 (2017).
S. Lin, Y. Liu, S.J. Chiu, Y.T. Liu, and H.Y. Lee, Sci. Rep. 7, 3082 (2017).
Y. Zhang, Y. Liu, L. Liang, and X. Fan, Int. J. Mater. Struct. Integr. 6, 36 (2012).
E.E. Antonova, D.C. Looman, in IEEE Conference Proceedings (2017), pp. 862–871.
H. Ceric and S. Selberherra, in IEEE Conference Proceedings (2014), pp. 336-339.
P. Dandu and X. Fan, in IEEE Conference Proceedings (2011), pp. 2192–2196.
M. Pharr, K. Zhao, Z. Suo, F.Y. Ouyang, and P. Liu, J. Appl. Phys. 110, 083716 (2011).
S. Wang, L. Liang, and Y. Liu, in IEEE Conference Proceedings (2006), pp. 1074–1083.
B. Chao, S.H. Chae, X. Zhang, K.H. Lu, J. Im, and P.S. Ho, Acta Mater. 55, 2805 (2007).
P. Dandu, X.J. Fan, and Y. Liu, in IEEE Conference Proceedings (2010), pp. 396-402.
Y. Zhang, Eng. Trans. 63, 215 (2015).
Y.K. Cheng, C.H. Tsai, C.C. Teng, and S.M.S. Kang, Electrothermal Analysis of VLSI System (New York: Springer, 2002), pp. 121–155.
A.M. Maniatty, J. Ni, and Y. Liu, J. Appl. Mech. 83, 011010 (2016).
F.X. Che, W.H. Zhu, E.S.W. Poh, X.W. Zhang, and X.R. Zhang, J. Alloys Compd. 507, 215 (2010).
H. Mehrer, Diffusion in Solids: Fundamentals, Methods, Materials, Diffusion-Controlled Processes (New York: Springer, 2007), pp. 27–38.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the Department of Mechanical Engineering of BUET, Dhaka, for providing the computational facilities. The authors would also like to thank Bibekananda Datta, Washington State University, for support and encouragement with technical insights to conduct this work on electromigration.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they do not have any conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ahmed, M.T., Motalab, M. & Suhling, J.C. Impact of Mechanical Property Degradation and Intermetallic Compound Formation on Electromigration-Oriented Failure of a Flip-Chip Solder Joint. J. Electron. Mater. 50, 233–248 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08514-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08514-y