Abstract
A type of two-dimensional/zero-dimensional/two-dimensional face-to-face contact g-C3N4@Au@Bi4Ti3O12 heterojunction ternary composite photocatalyst has been developed by coupling Bi4Ti3O12 nanosheets with g-C3N4 nanosheets face-to-face and sandwiching Au nanoparticles between them. The as-prepared photocatalysts were systematically investigated using various characterization techniques including x-ray powder diffraction analysis, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Degradation experiments were carried out to study the removal of rhodamine B from water under simulated sunlight, revealing that the g-C3N4@Au@Bi4Ti3O12 composite photocatalysts exhibited greatly enhanced photodegradation performance compared with bare Bi4Ti3O12 or g-C3N4 nanosheets, and moreover excellent photocatalytic stability during repeated dye degradation with recycling. The underlying photodegradation mechanism of the g-C3N4@Au@Bi4Ti3O12 composite photocatalysts was systematically investigated and is discussed herein.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Y.X. Yan, H. Yang, Z. Yi, and T. Xian, Catalysts 9, 795 (2019).
S. Wang, C. Chen, Y. Li, Q. Zhang, Y. Li, and H. Gao, J. Electron. Mater. 48, 6675 (2019).
Z.M. He, B. Tang, J.B. Su, and Y.M. Xia, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 29, 19544 (2018).
M. Kumari and A.K. Saroha, J. Environ. Manag. 228, 169 (2018).
Y.X. Yan, H. Yang, Z. Yi, T. Xian, R.S. Li, and X.X. Wang, Desalin. Water Treat. 170, 349 (2019).
S.F. Wang, H.J. Gao, Y. Wei, Y.W. Li, X.H. Yang, L.M. Fang, and L. Lei, CrystEngComm 21, 263 (2019).
Z. Yi, X. Li, H. Wu, X.F. Chen, H. Yang, Y.J. Tang, Y.G. Yi, J.Q. Wang, and P.H. Wu, Nanomaterials 9, 1254 (2019).
Y.M. Xia, Z.M. He, J.B. Su, S.Q. Zhu, and B. Tang, J. Electron. Mater. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08022-z.
S.Y. Wang, H. Yang, Z. Yi, and X.X. Wang, J. Environ. Manag. 248, 109341 (2019).
M. Ahmadi, H.R. Motlagh, N. Jaafarzadeh, A. Mostoufi, R. Saeedi, G. Barzegar, and S. Jorfi, J. Environ. Manag. 186, 55 (2017).
C. Cai, S.B. Han, W. Liu, K. Sun, L. Qiao, S. Li, and X.T. Zu, Appl. Catal. B Environ. 260, 118103 (2020).
S.P. Huang, Z.Q. Wei, X.J. Wu, and J.W. Shi, Mater. Res. Express 7, 015025 (2020).
Z.Y. Pang, H. Tong, X.X. Wu, J.K. Zhu, X.X. Wang, H. Yang, and Y.P. Qi, Opt. Quant. Electron. 50, 335 (2018).
H. Tong, Y.Q. Xu, Y.W. Su, and X.X. Wang, Res. Phys. 14, 102460 (2019).
X.X. Wang, Z.Y. Pang, H. Yang, and Y.P. Qi, Res. Phys. 14, 102446 (2019).
C.L. Cen, Z.Q. Chen, D.Y. Xu, L.Y. Jiang, X.F. Chen, Z. Yi, P.H. Wu, G.F. Li, and Y.G. Yi, Nanomaterials 10, 95 (2020).
C.L. Cen, Y.B. Zhang, X.F. Chen, H. Yang, Z. Yi, W.T. Yao, Y.J. Tang, Y.G. Yi, J.Q. Wang, and P.H. Wu, Physica E 117, 113840 (2020).
J.K. Li, X.F. Chen, Z. Yi, H. Yang, Y.J. Tang, Y. Yi, W.T. Yao, J.Q. Wang, and Y.G. Yi, Mater. Today Energy 16, 100390 (2020).
J.K. Li, Z.Q. Chen, H. Yang, Z. Yi, X.F. Chen, W.T. Yao, T. Duan, P.H. Wu, G.F. Li, and Y.G. Yi, Nanomaterials 10, 257 (2020).
S.B. Han, Y.M. Zhu, C. Cai, J.K. Zhu, W.B. Han, L. Chen, X.T. Zu, H. Yang, and M. Gu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 114, 113901 (2019).
F.A. Zhao, H.Y. Xiao, X.M. Bai, and X.T. Zu, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 21, 16108 (2019).
Y.P. Wang, H. Yang, X.F. Sun, H.M. Zhang, and T. Xian, Mater. Res. Bull. 124, 110754 (2020).
A. Esmaeili and M.H. Entezari, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 466, 227 (2016).
L.J. Di, T. Xian, X.F. Sun, H.Q. Li, Y.J. Zhou, J. Ma, and H. Yang, Micromachines 10, 503 (2019).
H. Huan, H.G. Jile, Y.J. Tang, X. Li, Z. Yi, X. Gao, X.F. Chen, J. Chen, and P.H. Wu, Micromachines 11, 309 (2020).
T. Xian, L.J. Di, X.F. Sun, H.Q. Li, Y.J. Zhou, and H. Yang, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 14, 397 (2019).
T. Xian, X.F. Sun, L.J. Di, Y.J. Zhou, J. Ma, H.Q. Li, and H. Yang, Catalysts 9, 1031 (2019).
A.S. Jonathan, L.K. Ai, and A.D. Jennifer, Nature 483, 421 (2012).
X.X. Wang, J.K. Zhu, H. Tong, X.D. Yang, X.X. Wu, Z.Y. Pang, H. Yang, and Y.Y. Qi, Chin. Phys. B 28, 044201 (2019).
F. Qin, Z.Q. Chen, X.F. Chen, Z. Yi, W.T. Yao, T. Duan, P.H. Wu, H. Yang, G.F. Li, and Y.G. Yi, Nanomaterials 10, 207 (2020).
Z.M. He, Y.M. Xia, and J.B. Su, RSC Adv. 8, 39187 (2018).
S.T. Guan, H. Yang, X.F. Sun, and T. Xian, Opt. Mater. 100, 109644 (2020).
Q.Q. Duan, J.Y. Jia, X. Hong, Y.C. Fu, C.Y. Wang, K. Zhou, X.Q. Liu, H. Yang, and Z.Y. Wang, Sol. Energy 201, 555 (2020).
C. Cai, Y. Mi, S.B. Han, Q. Wang, W. Liu, X.Q. Wu, Z. Zheng, X. Xia, L. Qiao, W.L. Zhou, and X.T. Zu, Electrochim. Acta 295, 92 (2019).
H. Wu, H. Jile, Z. Chen, D. Xu, Z. Yi, X. Chen, J. Chen, W. Yao, P. Wu, and Y. Yi, Micromachines 11, 189 (2020).
X.X. Zhao, H. Yang, Z.M. Cui, Z. Yi, and H. Yu, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 30, 13785 (2019).
Z.W. Chen, H. Jiang, W.L. Jin, and C.K. Shi, Appl. Catal. B Environ. 180, 698 (2016).
D.P. Dutta and A.K. Tyagi, Mater. Res. Bull. 74, 397 (2016).
G. Odling, E. Chatzisymeon, and N. Robertson, Catal. Sci. Technol. 8, 829 (2018).
C.X. Zheng, H. Yang, Z.M. Cui, H.M. Zhang, and X.X. Wang, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 12, 608 (2017).
K. Das, D. Majhi, Y.P. Bhoi, and B.G. Mishra, Chem. Eng. J. 362, 588 (2019).
S.E. Cummins and L.E. Cross, J. Appl. Phys. 39, 2268 (1968).
X. Wang, K. Maeda, A. Thomas, K. Takanabe, G. Xin, J.M. Carlsson, K. Domen, and M. Antonietti, Nat. Mater. 8, 76 (2009).
Y. Guo, J.H. Li, Z.Q. Gao, X. Zhu, Y. Liu, Z.B. Wei, W. Zhao, and C. Sun, Appl. Catal. B Environ. 192, 57 (2016).
L.J. Di, H. Yang, T. Xian, and X.J. Chen, Micromachines 9, 613 (2018).
R. Mohini and N. Lakshminarasimhan, Mater. Res. Bull. 76, 370 (2016).
Y.X. Yan, H. Yang, Z. Yi, R.S. Li, and T. Xian, Solid State Sci. 100, 106102 (2020).
Y.Y. Wang, Z.Q. Chen, D.Y. Xu, Z. Yi, X.F. Chen, J. Chen, Y.J. Tang, P.H. Wu, G.F. Li, and Y.G. Yi, Res. Phys. 16, 102951 (2020).
J. Pu, G.P. Li, Q.Q. Jiang, and X.T. Zu, Chin. Phys. C 44, 014001 (2020).
J. Chen, X.X. Wang, F. Tang, X. Ye, L.M. Yang, and Y.B. Zhang, Res. Phys. 16, 102867 (2020).
Y.X. Yan, H. Yang, Z. Yi, T. Xian, and X.X. Wang, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 26, 29020 (2019).
S. Utara and S. Hunpratub, Ultrason. Sonochem. 41, 441 (2018).
S. Wang, H. Gao, Y. Wang, G. Sun, X. Zhao, H. Liu, C. Chen, and L. Yang, J. Electron. Mater. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-07941-1.
S. Wang, H. Gao, C. Chen, Q. Li, C. Li, Y. Wei, and L. Fang, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 30, 15744 (2019).
O. Dehghani Dastjerdi, H. Shokrollahi, and H. Yang, Ceram. Int. 46, 2709 (2020).
Z. Yi, Y. Zeng, H. Wu, X.F. Chen, Y.X. Fan, H. Yang, Y.J. Tang, Y.G. Yi, J.Q. Wang, and P.H. Wu, Res. Phys. 15, 102609 (2019).
M. Golkari, H. Shokrollahi, and H. Yang, Ceram. Int. 46, 8553 (2020).
S. Wang, H. Gao, G. Sun, Y. Li, Y. Wang, H. Liu, C. Chen, and L. Yang, Opt. Mater. 99, 109562 (2020).
H.J. Gao, C.X. Zheng, H. Yang, X.W. Niu, and S.F. Wang, Micromachines 10, 557 (2019).
W.H. Zhao, Z.Q. Wei, X.D. Zhang, M.J. Ding, and S.P. Huang, Mater. Res. Bull. 124, 110749 (2020).
Y.M. Xia, Z.M. He, Y.L. Lu, B. Tang, S.P. Sun, J.B. Su, and X.P. Li, RSC Adv. 8, 5441 (2018).
Y.C. Ye, H. Yang, H.M. Zhang, and J.L. Jiang, Environ. Technol. 41, 1486 (2020).
J. Rivas, R.R. Solis, O. Gimeno, and J. Sagasti, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 12, 513 (2015).
S. Wang, H. Gao, C. Chen, Y. Wei, and X. Zhao, J. Sol-Gel. Sci. Technol. 92, 186 (2019).
T. Andersen, H.K. Haugen, and H. Hotop, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 28, 1511 (1999).
Y.P. Wang, F.C. Jiang, J.F. Chen, X.F. Sun, T. Xian, and H. Yang, Nanomaterials 10, 178 (2020).
Y.X. Yan, H. Yang, Z. Yi, X.X. Wang, R.S. Li, and T. Xian, Environ. Eng. Sci. 37, 64 (2020).
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51662027).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gao, H., Zhao, X., Zhang, H. et al. Construction of 2D/0D/2D Face-to-Face Contact g-C3N4@Au@Bi4Ti3O12 Heterojunction Photocatalysts for Degradation of Rhodamine B. J. Electron. Mater. 49, 5248–5259 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08243-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08243-2