Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Study of Structural, Optical and AC Electrical Properties of Chloroindium Phthalocyanine

  • Published:
Journal of Electronic Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the AC electrical properties of chloroindium phthalocyanine (ClInPc) in order to evaluate its conduction mechanism. For this purpose, sandwich devices of ClInPc with aluminum electrodes (Al/ClInPc/Al) were fabricated. The measurements indicated that the capacitance and loss factor increased by an increase in the temperature and decreased by an increase in the frequency. In addition, measurement results obtained are consistent with Goswami and Goswami’s model. AC conductivity is confirmed by the equation σ(ω) = AωS, which is commonly used for charge transport with hopping or tunneling mechanism. In this study, the conduction mechanism was studied with correlated barrier hopping at the frequency range of 100 Hz–1 kHz and overlapping large-polaron tunneling models at the frequency range of 1 kHz–100 kHz. Furthermore, the activation energies of the device were achieved as a function of frequency. The structure of the ClInPc thin film was determined by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy images. Additionally, by using the UV analysis of the ClInPc thin film, the optical band gap was obtained as 2.9 eV and the absorption bands Q and B were observed in the visible region.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. T.C. Rosenow, K. Walzer, and K. Leo, J. Appl. Phys. 103, 43105 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. T. Mori, T. Mitsuoka, M. Ishii, H. Fujikawa, and Y. Taga, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 3895 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. N.G. Mphuthi, A.S. Adekunle, and E.E. Ebenso, Sci. Rep. 6, 26938 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. A.F. Abdulameer, M.H. Suhail, O.G. Abdullah, and I.M. Al-Essa, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 28, 13472 (2017).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. A.K. Bal, J. Electron. Mater. 44, 144 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. O.A. Melville, B.H. Lessard, T.P. Bender, and A.C.S. Appl, Mater. Interfaces 7, 13105 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. X. Li, Y. Jiang, G. Xie, H. Tai, P. Sun, and B. Zhang, Sens. Actuators B Chem. 176, 1191 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. C. Chu, V. Shrotriya, G. Li, and Y. Yang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 153504 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. D. Yeboah and J.A.I. Singh, J. Electron. Mater. 46, 6451 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. P. Kalimuthu, A. Sivanesan, and S.A. John, J. Chem. Sci. 124, 1315 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. C.G. Claessens, U. Hahn, and T. Torres, Chem. Rec. 8, 75 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. K. Palewska, J. Sworakowski, and J. Lipiński, Opt. Mater. (Amst) 34, 1717 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. S. Pourteimoor and H. Haratizadeh, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 28, 18529 (2017).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. A.K. Jonscher, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 32, 57 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. E.M. El-Menyawy, H.M. Zeyada, and M.M. El-Nahass, Solid State Sci. 12, 2182 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. S.M. Hraibat, R.M.L. Kitaneh, M.M. Abu-Samreh, and A.M. Saleh, J. Semicond. 34, 112001 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. A.O. Abu-Hilal, A.M. Saleh, and R.D. Gould, Mater. Chem. Phys. 94, 165 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. N.M. Amar, A.M. Saleh, and R.D. Gould, Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process. 76, 77 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. R.D. Gould and A.K. Hassan, Thin Solid Films 223, 334 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. M. Azim-Araghi, D. Campbell, A. Krier, and R. Collins, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 11, 39 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. M. Azim-Araghi and F. Pirifard, Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 16, 1466 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. M.E. Azim-Araghi, S. Mohamadi, and Z. Bisadi, Acta Phys. Pol., A 125, 87 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. A.H. Salama and A.M. Fathi, Silicon 9, 733 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. R. Murdey, K. Katoh, M. Yamashita, and N. Sato, Thin Solid Films 646, 17 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. A. Darwish, S.I. Qashou, and M. Rashad, Appl. Phys. A 125, 271 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. A. El-ghandour, A. Awed, K. Abdeen, and M.I.A. el Maaty, Opt. Laser Technol. 112, 126 (2019).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. H.Y. Yenilmez, B. Ustamehmetoğlu, E. Sezer, and Z.A. Bayır, J. Solid State Electrochem. 22, 505 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. S. Saravanan, M.R. Anantharaman, and S. Venkatachalam, Mater. Sci. Eng., B 135, 113 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. S. Ghazali, M.M. Hossain, A. Khan, M.Y. Khan, and M. Hasan, J. Electron. Mater. 46, 331 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. M.M. El-Nahass, H.M. Zeyada, M.S. Aziz, and N.A. El-Ghamaz, Opt. Mater. (Amst) 27, 491 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. F. Aziz, K. Sulaiman, K. Karimov, M. Muhammad, M. Sayyad, and B.Y. Majlis, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 566, 22 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. M. Durmuş and T. Nyokong, Tetrahedron 63, 1385 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. K.A. Kumar, S. Raghavendra, S.V. Rao, S. Hamad, and S. Dharmaprakash, Optik 126, 5918 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. E.S. Muckley, C.B. Jacobs, K. Vidal, N.V. Lavrik, B.G. Sumpter, and I.N. Ivanov, Sci. Rep. 7, 9921 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. M. Wojdyła, M. Rębarz, W. Bała, B. Derkowska, and Z. łukasiak, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 485, 974 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. S. Pourteimoor and M.E. Azim-Araghi, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 24, 5132 (2013).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. A. Goswami and A.P. Goswami, Thin Solid Films 16, 175 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. E.V. Gopalan, K.A. Malini, S. Sagar, and D.S. Kumar, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 42, 165005 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. M.E. Azim-Araghi and S. Riyazi, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 24, 764 (2013).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. H. Soliman, A. El-Barry, N. Khosifan, and M. El Nahass, Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 1 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. M.J. Akhtar and M. Younas, Solid State Sci. 10, 1536 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. P. Maji, S. Chatterjee, and S. Das, Ceram. Int. 45, 6012 (2019).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. M. El-Nahass, E. El-Zaidia, A. Darwish, and G. Salem, J. Electron. Mater. 46, 1093 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. B.C. Ömür, N. Can, and A. Altındal, Mater. Chem. Phys. 186, 438 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. F. Yakuphanoglu, M. Kandaz, M. Yaraşır, and F. şenkal, Phys. B 393, 235 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. M.M. El-Nahass, A.M. Farid, K.F. Abd El-Rahman, and H.A.M. Ali, Phys. B 403, 2331 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. A.A. Atta, J. Alloys Compd. 480, 564 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. M.R. Kiran, H. Ulla, M.N. Satyanarayan, and G. Umesh, Synth. Met. 210, 208 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. K.J. Hamam, G. Mezei, Z. Khattari, M. Maghrabi, F. Afaneh, and W.A. Al, Appl. Phys. A 125, 7 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. M. Singh, A. Mahajan, N. Gupta, and R.K. Bedi, Electron. Mater. Lett. 11, 118 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. M.E. Azim-Araghi, S. Pourteimoor, and S. Riyazi, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 24, 3204 (2013).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Physics, Kharazmi University, 43 Mofateh Avenue, Tehran, Iran

    Samaneh Mahmoudi & Mohammad Esmaeil Azim Araghi

Authors
  1. Samaneh Mahmoudi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohammad Esmaeil Azim Araghi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Samaneh Mahmoudi.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mahmoudi, S., Azim Araghi, M.E. Study of Structural, Optical and AC Electrical Properties of Chloroindium Phthalocyanine. J. Electron. Mater. 48, 7479–7486 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-019-07588-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-019-07588-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation