Abstract
Thermally stimulated current (TSC), thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC), and thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) spectroscopies were combined to study trapping phenomena in undoped bulk SrTiO3 crystals. Electrical measurements were also performed and showed that the crystals are highly resistive in the dark but exhibited an unusually high photocurrent upon 400-nm illumination. Several traps were revealed in both TSC and TSDC spectra between 83 K and 450 K in such a broad temperature range and their activation energies were extrapolated from the trap positions (peaks). TSL spectra demonstrate similar characteristics comparable to TSC and TSDC spectra, though there are some differences because of different excitation and recombination mechanisms. This work reveals the presence of large number of traps in SrTiO3 single crystals, which are most likely the source of many of the interesting phenomena in SrTiO3 such as transient and persistent photoconductivity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H. Stocker, J. Hanzig, M. Zschornak, E. Mehner, S. Jachalke, C. Richter, F. Hanzig, F. Meutzner, T. Leisegang, and D.C. Meyer, Cryst. Res. Technol. 52, 1600222 (2017).
M.C. Tarun, F.A. Selim, and M.D. McCluskey, Phy. Rev. Lett. 111, 187403 (2013).
R. Chen and Y. Kirsh, Analysis of Thermally Stimulated Processes (New York: Pergamon Press, 1981).
D.C. Look, Semiconductors and Semimetals, ed. R.K. Willardson and A. Beer (New York, London: Academic Press, 1983), p. 75.
J. Vanderschueren and J. Gasiot, Field-Induced Thermally Stimulated Currents.Thermally Stimulated Relaxation in Solids. Topics in Applied Physics, Vol. 37, ed. P. Braunlich (Berlin: Springer, 1979), p. 135. ISBN 978-3-540-34797-2
R. Chen and S. McKeever, Theory of Thermoluminescence and Related Phenomena (Singapore: World Scientific, 1997).
K. Mahesh, P. Weng, and C. Furetta, Thermoluminescence in Solids and Its Applications (Kent, England: Nuclear Technology Publishing, 1989).
A.K. Ghosh, R.R. Addiss Jr., and R.B. Lauer, J. Appl. Phys. 44, 3798 (1973).
Z. Bryknar, Z. Potucek, V. Trepakov, M.Y. Shen, and T. Goto, Radiat. Eff. Defects Soilds 154, 341 (2001).
W. Liu and C.A. Randall, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 91, 3245 (2008).
B. Lakshminarayanan, S. Akbar, C. Wang, and M. Alim, J. Appl. Phys. 39, 4830 (2000).
Z.-Q. Fang, D.C. Look, B. Claflin, S. Haffouz, H. Tang, and J. Webb, Phys. Stat. Sol. (c) 2, 2757 (2005).
M. Ouwerkerk, F.J. Veldkamp, and J. Schoonman, Solid State Ionics 22, 173 (1987).
J. Pozniak, Acta Phys. Polonica A 107, 959 (2005).
J. Ji, L.A. Boatner, and F.A. Selim, Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 041102 (2014).
D.T. Mackay, C.R. Varney, J. Buscher, and F.A. Selim, J. Appl. Phys. 112, 023522 (2012).
V.M. Poole and M.D. McCluskey, in SPIE Conference Proceedings (2016), pp. 9749N.
J. Park, U. Kim, and K. Char, Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 092106 (2016).
F.A. Selim, D. Winarski, C.R. Varney, M.C. Tarun, J. Ji, and M.D. McCluskey, Results Phys. 5, 28 (2015).
Y. Seo, M.Y. Song, S. Park, and T.G. Kim, Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 243501 (2012).
N. Tiwari, R.K. Kuraria, and R. Tamrakar, J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci. 7, 542 (2014).
B. Tastekin, M. Turemis, M. I. Kati, I. C. Keskin, R. Kibar, A. Cetin, and N. Can, Conference on micro-Raman spectroscopy and luminescence studies in the earth and planetary sciences (CORALS II). LPI Contribution No. 1616, 76 (2011).
K. van Benthem, C. Elsässer, and R.H. French, J. Appl. Phys. 90, 6156 (2001).
V.V. Laguta, M.D. Glinchuk, I.P. Bykov, A. Cremona, P. Galinetto, E. Giulotto, L. Jastrabik, and J. Rosa, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 6056 (2003).
F. Ei Kamel, P. Gonon, F. Jomni, and B. Yangui, J. Appl. Phys. 100, 054107 (2006).
H. Yamamoto, S. Okamoto, and H. Kobayashi, J. Lumin. 100, 325 (2002).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, B., Saadatkia, P., Selim, F.A. et al. Study of Trapping Phenomena in SrTiO3 by Thermally Stimulated Techniques. J. Electron. Mater. 47, 604–611 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-017-5818-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-017-5818-9