Abstract
This work describes the synthesis of three-dimensional hollow hierarchical mesoporous bioactive glass (HMBG) microspheres based on Herba leonuri pollen grains via a hydrothermal method. The HMBG microspheres perfectly copied the hierarchical porous structure and inner hollow structure constituting the double-layer surface of the natural Herba leonuri pollen grains. This structural mimicry of the pollen grains resulted in a higher degree of adsorption of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on HMBG microspheres in comparison with mesoporous bioactive glass. Subsequently, an amperometric biosensor for the detection of Malathion was fabricated by immobilizing AChE onto an HMBG microspheres-modified carbon paste electrode. The biosensor response exhibited two good linear ranges during an incubation time of 10 min in the malathion concentration ranges of 0.02–50 ppb and 50–600 ppb, with a detection limit of 0.0135 ppb (S/N = 3). Overall, the prepared enzymatic biosensor showed high sensitivity in the rapid detection of Malathion and could be applied to detect pesticide residues in vegetable matter.
Graphical Abstract
An amperometric acetylcholinesterase (AChE) sensor was successfully prepared using HMBG microspheres as the carrier for adsorption of enzyme. The HMBG microspheres perfectly copied the hierarchical porous structure and inner hollow structure with a double-layer surface of the natural Herba leonuri pollen grains. The hybrid structures resulted in more AChE adsorption and protected the catalytic activity of AChE effectively, which made the sensor sensitive and stable.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C.S. Pundir and N. Chauhan, Anal. Biochem. 429, 19 (2012).
D. Štajnbaher and L. Zupančič-Kralj, J. Chromatogr. A 1015, 185 (2003).
A. Di Corcia and M. Marchetti, Anal. Chem. 63, 580 (1991).
S. Lacorte, G. Jeanty, J.L. Marty, and D. Barceló, J. Chromatogr. A 777, 99 (1997).
Y. Zhang, M.A. Arugula, J.S. Kirsch, X. Yang, E. Olsen, and A.L. Simonian, L angmuir 31, 1462 (2015).
T. Liu, H. Su, X. Qu, P. Ju, L. Cui, and S. Ai, Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 160, 1255 (2011).
X. Yan, C. Yu, X. Zhou, J. Tang, and D. Zhao, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43, 5980 (2004).
Q.H. Shi, J.F. Wang, J.P. Zhang, J. Fan, and G.D. Stucky, Adv. Mater. 18, 1038 (2006).
C. Wu, Y. Ramaswamy, Y. Zhu, R. Zheng, R. Appleyard, A. Howard, and H. Zreiqat, Biomaterials 30, 2199 (2009).
C. Wu, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhu, T. Friis, and Y. Xiao, Biomaterials 31, 3429 (2010).
Y. Zhao, M. Wei, J. Lu, Z.L. Wang, and X. Duan, ACS Nano 3, 4009 (2009).
Y. Zhang, X. Liu, and J. Huang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 3, 3272 (2011).
H. Wang, X. Gao, Y. Wang, J. Tang, C. Sun, X. Deng, and X. Niu, Mater. Lett. 76, 237 (2012).
W. Liu, X. Wang, X. Gao, X. Chen, X. Yu, H. Wang, and X. Deng, Ceram. Int. 39, 8521 (2013).
Y. Xia, W. Zhang, Z. Xiao, H. Huang, H. Zeng, X. Chen, F. Chen, Y. Gan, and X. Tao, J. Mater. Chem. 22, 9209 (2012).
S.R. Hall, H. Bolger, and S. Mann, Chem. Commun. 22, 2784 (2003).
Y.P. Guo, T.S. Lin, Y. Zhou, D.C. Jia, and Y.J. Guo, Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 127, 245 (2010).
H. Cai, S. Sharma, W. Liu, W. Mu, W. Liu, X. Zhang, and Y. Deng, Biomacromol 15, 2540 (2014).
J. Ding, H. Zhang, F. Jia, W. Qin, and D. Du, Sens. Actuators B. Chem. 199, 284 (2014).
G. Yu, W. Wu, Q. Zhao, X. Wei, and Q. Lu, Biosens. Bioelectron. 68, 288 (2015).
R. Kara and S. Ince, Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 66, 57 (2016).
Y.H. Li, J. Wei, W. Luo, C. Wang, W. Li, S.S. Feng, Q. Yue, M.H. Wang, A.A. Elzatahry, Y.H. Deng, and D.Y. Zhao, Chem. Mater. 26, 2438 (2014).
X. Yan, G. Wei, L. Zhao, J. Yi, H. Deng, L. Wang, G. Lu, and C. Yu, Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 132, 282 (2010).
M.L. Raves, K. Giles, J.D. Schrag, M.F. Schmid, G.N.P. Jr., W. Chiu, A.J. Howard, I. Silman, and J.L. Sussman, Quaternary Structure of Tetrameric Acetylcholinesterase (US: Springer, 1998), pp. 351–356.
H.X. Zhou and K.A. Dill, Biochemistry 40, 11289 (2001).
S. Andreescu, L. Barthelmebs, and J.L. Marty, Anal. Chim. Acta 464, 171 (2002).
S. Wu, L. Zhang, L. Qi, S. Tao, X. Lan, Z. Liu, and C. Meng, Biosens. Bioelectron. 26, 2864 (2011).
Y. Qu, Q. Sun, F. Xiao, G. Shi, and L. Jin, Bioelectrochemistry 77, 139 (2010).
D. Du, X. Ye, J. Cai, J. Liu, and A. Zhang, Biosens. Bioelectron. 25, 2503 (2010).
J. Wang, C. Timchalk, and Y. Lin, Environ. Sci. Technol. 42, 2688 (2008).
P. Raghu, T.M. Reddy, K. Reddaiah, B.K. Swamy, and M. Sreedhar, Food Chem. 142, 188 (2014).
H. Zhao, X. Ji, B. Wang, N. Wang, X. Li, R. Ni, and J. Ren, Biosens. Bioelectron. 65, 23 (2015).
W. Zhao, P.Y. Ge, J.J. Xu, and H.Y. Chen, Environ. Sci. Technol. 43, 6724 (2009).
C.V. Kumar and A. Chaudhari, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 830 (2000).
Q. Lang, L. Han, C. Hou, F. Wang, and A. Liu, Talanta 156, 34 (2016).
Q. Zhang, Q. Xu, Y. Guo, X. Sun, and X. Wang, RSC Adv. 6, 24698 (2016).
R.R. Dutta and P. Puzari, Biosens. Bioelectron. 52, 166 (2014).
J. Yan, H. Guan, J. Yu, and D. Chi, Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 105, 197 (2013).
H.D. Cancar, S. Soylemez, Y. Akpinar, M. Kesik, S. Göker, G. Gunbas, M. Volkan, and L. Toppare, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 8, 8058 (2016).
D. Du, M. Wang, J. Cai, and A. Zhang, Sens. Actuators, B Chem. 146, 337 (2010).
S. Wu, X. Lan, W. Zhao, Y. Li, L. Zhang, H. Wang, M. Han, and S. Tao, Biosens. Bioelectron. 27, 82 (2011).
Acknowledgements
The work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant 31402251) and the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant 20130061120116).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lv, Z., Luo, R., Xi, L. et al. An Amperometric Acetylcholinesterase Sensor Based on the Bio-templated Synthesis of Hierarchical Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Microspheres. J. Electron. Mater. 46, 6578–6587 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-017-5707-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-017-5707-2