Abstract
Temperature, stirring rate, stirring time, reaction pH, and concentration of precursors during synthesis were found to be crucial in determining the size of the magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) obtained. The relationship between synthetic conditions and the crystal structure, particle size, and size distribution of the NPs was studied. Surface coating of iron oxide NPs was performed in two steps. Magnetite NPs were prepared by coprecipitation then coated with silica by use of a sol–gel process. Saturation magnetization of the magnetite NPs increased from 47.23 to 49.12 emu/g when their size was increased from 8.89 to 9.39 nm. Magnetite NPs in the size range 11–12 nm, coated with silica, are monodispersed and their corresponding saturation magnetization is 40.67 emu/g (11 nm) and 34.65 emu/g (12 nm). The decrease in the saturation magnetization of the coated samples is attributed to the increase in the amount of tetraethyl orthosilicate.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
X. Liu, J. Dung, and J. Wang, J. Mater. Res. 14, 3355 (1999).
H.O. Jungk and C. Feldmann, J. Mater. Res. 15, 2244 (2000).
K. Woo, J. Hong, S. Choi, H.W. Lee, J.P. Ahn, C.S. Kim, and S.W. Lee, Chem. Mater. 16, 2814 (2004).
A. Ito, M. Shinkai, H. Honda, and T. Kobayashi, J. Biosci. Bioeng. 100, 1 (2005).
P. Moroz, S.K. Jones, and B.N. Gray, Int. J. Hypertherm. 18, 267 (2002).
K. Shimizu, A. Ito, J.K. Lee, T. Yoshida, K. Miwa, H. Ishiguro, Y. Numaguchi, T. Murohara, I. Kodama, and H. Honda, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 96, 803 (2007).
Z. Liu, H. Wang, Q. Lu, G. Du, L. Peng, Q. Du, M. Zhang, and K. Yao, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 283, 258 (2004).
R.A. Andrievski, J. Nanopart. Res. 5, 415 (2003).
M.C. Roco and W.S. Bainbridge, J. Nanopart. Res. 7, 1 (2005).
W.J. Freeman, J. Integr. Neurosci. 4, 407 (2005).
N. Kohler, C. Sun, J. Wang, and M. Zhang, Langmuir 21, 8858 (2005).
Y. Zhang, N. Kohler, and M. Zhang, Biomaterials 23, 1553 (2002).
C. C. Berry, A. S. G. Curtis, J. Phys. D 36, R 198 (2003).
Q.A. Pankhurst, J. Connolly, S.K. Jones, and J. Dobson, J. Phys. D 36, R167 (2003).
P. Tartaj, M.D. Morales, S. Veintemillas-Verdaguer, T. Gonzalez-Carreno, and C.J. Serna, J. Phys. D 36, R182 (2003).
V.M. De Paoli, S.H. Lacerda, L. Spinu, B. Ingber, Z. Rosenzweig, and N. Rosenzweig, Langmuir 22, 5894 (2006).
K.S. Kim and J.K. Park, Lab Chip 5, 657 (2005).
K. Liu, L. Zhao, P. Klavins, F.E. Osterloh, and H. Hiramatsu, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 7951 (2003).
S.K. Umar, S.K. Nazir, R. Amin, and K. Faridullah, J. Chem. Soc. Pak. 33, 628 (2011).
I.N. Bhattacharya, J.K. Pradhan, P.K. Gochhayat, and S.C. Das, Int. J. Min. Process. 65, 109 (2002).
S.B. Prabu, L. Karunamoorthy, S. Kathiresan, and B. Mohan, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 171, 268 (2006).
T. Sugimoto, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 28, 65 (1987).
S. Lian, E. Wang, Z. Kang, Y. Bai, L. Gao, M. Jiang, C. Hu, and L. Xu, Solid State Commun. 29, 485 (2004).
J.P. Jolivet, Metal Oxide Chemistry and Synthesis: From Solutions to Solid State (New York: Wiley, 2000).
D. Kim, Y. Zhang, W. Voit, K. Rao, and M. Muhammad, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 225, 30 (2001).
Z. Huang and F.J. Tang, J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 281, 432 (2005).
J. Xu, H. Yang, W. Fu, K. Du, Y. Sui, J. Chen, Y. Zeng, M. Li, and G. Zou, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 309, 307 (2007).
S. Sun, H. Zeng, D.B. Robinson, S. Ranoux, P.M. Rice, S.X. Wang, and G. Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 273 (2005).
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful for financial support from the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Khan, U.S., Khattak, N.S., Manan, A. et al. Some Properties of Magnetite Nanoparticles Produced Under Different Conditions. J. Electron. Mater. 44, 303–312 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-014-3467-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-014-3467-9