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Evolutions of Electromagnetic Fields and Forced Flow Driven by the Pulse Length of a Pulsed Magnetic Field and Their Relevance to the Grain Refinement of a Solidified Al–Si Hypoeutectic Alloy

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Abstract

A pulsed magnetic field (PMF) can cause significant grain refinement in solidified alloys. However, the evolution of forced flow and grain size by varying pulse length and the proposed mechanism of grain refinement driven by PMF are still controversial. The present paper systematically investigates the evolution of electromagnetic fields and fluid flow induced by PMF inside a Ga–20 wt pctIn–12 wt pctSn alloyed melt and the corresponding changes in grain size of Al–7 wt pctSi alloy with increasing pulse length in comparison with electric current intensity and frequency. It is found that the magnetic flux density adjacent to the mould wall almost remains constant, whereas the peak value of eddy current density and Lorenz force is reduced when the pulse length is increased from 1.6 to 12 ms. In addition, the flow intensity inside the melt firstly increases and then decreases when the pulse length is gradually enlarged. However, the magnetic flux density, eddy current density, Lorentz force and flow intensity inside the melt are all strengthened with an increase of the electric current intensity. The distribution and peak value of magnetic flux density, eddy current density and Lorentz force cannot be changed by the applied electric current frequency. Since the time over which the Lorentz force is applied is prolonged with increasing frequency, a positive correlation between the flow intensity and the frequency is achieved. The results of corresponding solidification experiments in Al–7 wt pctSi indicate that the grain size experiences the same evolution with flow intensity by varying the electric current intensity, frequency and pulse length. It is most likely that the dominant mechanism of grain refinement under applied PMF is the fragmentation of dendrites induced by forced flow rather than heterogeneous nucleation promoted by PMF.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51974183, 52074180, 52271034), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No. 22ZR1425000), and Gao pin zhi zai sheng lv gui xi he jin zhi zao gong yi ji shi fan ying yong (No. 2022FRD05007).

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  1. Center for Advanced Solidification Technology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China

    Yunhu Zhang, Junjie Wang, Jianlei Zhang, Yanyi Xu, Chunyang Ye, Changjiang Song & Hongxing Zheng

  2. Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing, School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia

    D. H. StJohn & Gui Wang

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  1. Yunhu Zhang
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Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, J. et al. Evolutions of Electromagnetic Fields and Forced Flow Driven by the Pulse Length of a Pulsed Magnetic Field and Their Relevance to the Grain Refinement of a Solidified Al–Si Hypoeutectic Alloy. Metall Mater Trans B 54, 3180–3202 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02900-7

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