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Effect of Yttrium Content on the Transformation of Inclusions in a Si–Mn-Killed Stainless Steel

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Abstract

Laboratory experiments were performed to study the transient evolution of inclusions in Si–Mn-killed stainless steels with additions of 60 and 360 ppm yttrium using low- and high-oxygen yttrium-containing ferroalloys. With the increase of the yttrium content in the steel, the evolution path of inclusions was CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MnO → Y2O3–Al2O3–SiO2(–CaO–MnO) → Y2O3 and YS → Y2O3. The YS inclusion was generated as a transient product in the steel with 360 ppm yttrium addition using high-oxygen yttrium-containing ferroalloys. With the addition of 60 ppm yttrium, initial larger CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MnO inclusions were modified to smaller liquid Y2O3–Al2O3–SiO2(–CaO–MnO) inclusions, resulting in a smaller diameter of inclusions. After the addition of 360 ppm yttrium, initial liquid CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MnO inclusions were modified to small solid Y2O3-rich inclusions, lowering the average diameter of inclusions. Then, the size of inclusions in the steel increased due to the collision of solid inclusions.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for the support from S&T Program of Hebei (Grant 20311005D), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos. FRF-TP-17-001C2 and FRF-TP-19-037A2Z), the High Steel Center (HSC) at Yanshan University, Hebei Innovation Center of the Development and Application of High Quality Steel Materials, Hebei International Research Center of Advanced and Intelligent Manufacturing of High Quality Steel Materials, Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths, State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization, Baotou Inner Mongolia 014030, China, and the High Quality Steel Consortium (HQSC) at University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), China.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, 100083, China

    Ji Zhang & Ying Ren

  2. State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China

    Lifeng Zhang

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  1. Ji Zhang
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Correspondence to Lifeng Zhang or Ying Ren.

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Manuscript submitted February 24, 2021; accepted April 23, 2021.

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Zhang, J., Zhang, L. & Ren, Y. Effect of Yttrium Content on the Transformation of Inclusions in a Si–Mn-Killed Stainless Steel. Metall Mater Trans B 52, 2659–2675 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-021-02206-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-021-02206-6

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