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Study of Plume Eye in the Copper Bottom Blown Smelting Furnace

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Abstract

In the present study, the plume eye, which is a gas bubble plume generated by pushing away the upper layer liquid having a lower density and the exposure of the lower layer liquid which has a relatively higher density, was studied systematically in a bottom blown furnace model. A series of single lance experiments were carried out in a horizontal cylindrical furnace model to evaluate the effects of gas flowrate, lower layer thickness and upper layer thickness on the size of plume eye. The corresponding eye areas under different experimental conditions were measured. The results suggest that the eye size increases with increase of the gas flowrate and lower layer thickness. On the other hand, the eye size is reduced with increasing upper layer thickness. A mathematical model has been developed to predict the eye area in a horizontal cylindrical furnace by a single bottom blown lance.

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Abbreviations

R :

Vessel radius (m)

R e :

Equivalent radius (m)

θ :

Central angle (rad)

a :

Half of the length of the chord inside the sector in Figure 7 (m)

A es :

The area of the plume eye (m2)

H :

Upper layer thickness (m)

h :

Lower layer thickness (m)

L :

Characteristic length (m)

Q :

Volumetric flowrate of gas (m3/s)

v :

Gas velocity (m/s)

\( Fr^{\prime} \) :

Modified Froude number

ρ l :

Liquid density (kg/ m3)

ρ g :

Gas density (kg/ m3)

g :

Acceleration due to gravity (m/s2)

U p :

Rising plume velocity (m/s)

c :

Dimensionless constant

k :

Dimensionless constant

dρ :

Density difference between upper phase and lower phase

α :

Empirical constant

β :

Empirical constant

C 1 :

Empirical constant

v s :

Kinematic viscosity of upper phase (m2/s)

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank National Copper Corporation of Chile (Codelco), Dongying Fangyuan Nonferrous Metals (Fangyuan) and Australia Research Council for financial support through the ARC Linkage program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia

    Xu Jiang, Mao Chen & Baojun Zhao

  2. Dongying Fangyuan Nonferrous Metals, Dongying, 257000, P.R. China

    Zhixiang Cui

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  1. Xu Jiang
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  2. Zhixiang Cui
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  3. Mao Chen
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Correspondence to Mao Chen.

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Manuscript submitted August 24, 2018.

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Jiang, X., Cui, Z., Chen, M. et al. Study of Plume Eye in the Copper Bottom Blown Smelting Furnace. Metall Mater Trans B 50, 782–789 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-019-01516-0

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