Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Experimental Determination of the Liquidus Surface of the Cu-O-ZnO-CaO System in Equilibrium with Air

  • Published:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Phase relationships of the Cu-O-ZnO-CaO system in equilibrium with air (p tot = 1 atm, \( p_{{{\text{O}}_{2} }} = 0.21\,{\text{atm}} \)) have been studied using the equilibration and quenching technique within the temperature range from 1273 K to 1773 K (1000 °C to 1500 °C). The chemical compositions of the molten oxide and solid phases in equilibrium were analyzed by EPMA. The eutectic point in the Cu-O-ZnO-CaO system was found to be 1293 K  ± 2 K (1020 °C ± 2 °C) and 0.6785 mole fraction tenorite (‘CuO’), 0.1793 mole fraction halite (CaO), and 0.1422 mole fraction wurtzite (ZnO). The results from the present study have been used in constructing the liquidus surface of the Cu-O-ZnO-CaO system. The liquidus surface expands dramatically along with increasing temperature, and it moves simultaneously toward the primary phase fields of wurtzite (ZnO) and halite (CaO). The constructed liquidus surfaces have been compared with the isothermal sections (‘Cu2O’-ZnO-CaO) calculated by MTDATA 5.10 software and its Mtox 8.1 database. Deviations between the thermodynamically assessed diagrams and the experimental results are significant. Thus, the system requires a reassessment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. L. Singh, U.S. Rai, K.D. Mandal: Nanomater. Nanotechnol., 2011, vol. 1, pp. 59–66.

    Google Scholar 

  2. L. Singh, U.S. Rai, K.D. Mandal, M. Yashpal: J. Adv. Dielectr., 2012, vol. 2, p. 1250007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. S. Çoruh, O.N. Ergun, T. Cheng: Waste Manage. Res., 2006, vol. 24, pp. 234–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. L. Ni, X.M. Chen: J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2010, vol. 93, pp. 184–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. M.E. Schlesinger, M.J. King, K.C. Sole, W.G. Davenport: Extractive Metallurgy of Copper, 5th ed., Elsevier Science Ltd., Oxford. ISBN: 978-0-08-096789-9, 2011.

  6. F. Habashi: Handbook of Extractive Metallurgy, vol. 2, Heidelberg, Wiley, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  7. L. Xia, Z. Liu, P. Taskinen: J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2016, doi:10.1111/jace.14405.

    Google Scholar 

  8. L. Xia, Z. Liu, P.A. Taskinen: Ceram. Int., 2016, vol. 42, pp. 5418–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. R.S. Roth, N.M. Hwang, C.J. Rawn, B.P. Burton, J.J. Ritter: J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1991, vol. 74, pp. 2148–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. J. Hamuyuni, N. Hellsten, G. Akdogan, P. Taskinen: J. Chem. Thermodyn., 2015, vol. 77, pp. 112–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. R.O. Suzuki, P. Bohac, L.J. Gauckler: J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1994, vol. 77, pp. 41–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. C.F. Tsang, J.K. Meen, D. Elthon: J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1995, vol. 78, pp. 1863–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. M. Mrověc, J. Leitner, M. Nevřiva, D. Sedmidubský, J. Stejskal: Thermochim. Acta, 1998, vol. 318, pp. 63–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. D. Risold, B. Hallstedt, L.J. Gauckler: Ther. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1995, vol. 78, pp. 2655–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. MTDATA ver. 5. 10. 2011, NPL, Teddington, U.K., 2011. www.npl.co.uk/science-technology/mathmatics-modelling-and-similation/mtdata/.

  16. Mtox. Release Notes for Version 8.1 of Mtox Database, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, January 2015.

  17. M.W. Grutzeck, A. Muan: J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1988, vol. 71, pp. 638–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. E. Jak, P.C. Hayes: Trans. Inst. Min Metall. C, 2008, vol. 117, pp. 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  19. J.L. Pouchou, F. Pichoir: in 11th International Congress on X-ray Optics and Microanalysis (ICXOM-11), J.D. Brown and R.H. Packwood, eds., Ontario, 1987.

Download references

Acknowledgments

The research was financially supported by Association of Finnish Steel and Metal Producers, and Systems Integrated Metal Processes (SIMP) program by FIMECC and Tekes. One of the authors acknowledges the support from CIMO Fellowship Programme TM-15-9810.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Metallurgical Thermodynamics and Modeling Research Group, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland

    Longgong Xia (PhD Candidate) & Pekka Taskinen (Professor, Visiting Professor)

  2. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China

    Longgong Xia (PhD Candidate), Zhihong Liu (Professor) & Pekka Taskinen (Professor, Visiting Professor)

  3. P.O. Box 16200, 00076, Aalto, Finland

    Longgong Xia (PhD Candidate)

Authors
  1. Longgong Xia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhihong Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Pekka Taskinen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Longgong Xia.

Additional information

Manuscript submitted March 7, 2016.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Xia, L., Liu, Z. & Taskinen, P. Experimental Determination of the Liquidus Surface of the Cu-O-ZnO-CaO System in Equilibrium with Air. Metall Mater Trans B 47, 3413–3420 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-016-0800-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-016-0800-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation