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Improved Resistance to Hydrogen-Induced Cracking by Tempering of Intercritically Rolled Accelerated-Cooled X65 Steel

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Abstract

Hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) occurs in pipeline steels used in oil and gas applications that are rich in hydrogen sulfide gas also known as sour service environments. In this study, an experimental X65 steel was produced by intercritically finish rolling, accelerated cooling, then air-cooling to room temperature. This thermo-mechanical processing scheme resulted in a mixture of quasi-polygonal ferrite and martensite/austenite (M/A) microconstituents, also known as granular bainite. Sections from the steel were also tempered at 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C for 40 min, which resulted in a significant increase in HIC resistance and impact toughness, along with a marginal increase in yield strength and maintenance of untempered hardness. The evolution of HIC resistance, tensile properties, and impact toughness is discussed in the context of phase fraction, dislocation density, and microstructural evolution. The current work demonstrates the potential for tempering after thermo-mechanical processing to reduce HIC susceptibility and increase impact toughness while nominally maintaining yield strength and hardness in microalloyed pipeline steels.

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Acknowledgments

The support of the sponsors of the Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center, an industry-university cooperative research center at the Colorado School of Mines; and Arcelor Mittal, for providing the material.

Funding

This work was supported by the Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center at the Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO.

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA

    M. K. O’Brien

  2. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA

    E. Lucon

  3. Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA

    Z. Huey, D. L. Williamson & K. O. Findley

  4. Evraz North America, Regina, SK, S4P 3C7, Canada

    R. Stankievech

Authors
  1. M. K. O’Brien
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  2. E. Lucon
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  6. K. O. Findley
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Correspondence to M. K. O’Brien.

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O’Brien, M.K., Lucon, E., Huey, Z. et al. Improved Resistance to Hydrogen-Induced Cracking by Tempering of Intercritically Rolled Accelerated-Cooled X65 Steel. Metall Mater Trans A 54, 2146–2159 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-023-06975-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-023-06975-4

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