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HAZ Liquation Cracking Mechanism of IN-738LC Superalloy Prepared by Laser Solid Forming

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Abstract

The heat-affected zone (HAZ) liquation cracking mechanism of nickel-based superalloys with high (Al+Ti) content during the laser solid forming (LSF) process was investigated via laser remelting of an as-deposited IN-738LC superalloy. Microstructural HAZ analysis revealed that cracks consistently propagated from the HAZ to the remelting zone along the grain boundary (GB). The formation of a liquid film during GB liquation was mainly owing to localized melting of the semicontinuous γ-γ′ eutectic distributed along the GB. The solute segregation behavior of the IN-738LC alloy during LSF was analyzed using the Giovanola–Kurz model and Scheil models, revealing that a significant enrichment of γ-γ′ eutectic-forming elements in the residual liquid at the final stage of solidification (solid fraction ~ 0.87) in the molten pool was the main cause of semicontinuous γ-γ′ eutectic formation along the GB. Further, a B enrichment at the GB was identified in LSF-fabricated IN-738LC, which promoted cracking by lowering the GB liquation temperature and promoting wetting of the GB by the liquid film. Unlike the phenomenon observed in the welding of cast IN-738LC, the coherence between the γ′ phases and the γ matrix in LSF-fabricated IN-738LC can suppress the occurrence of constitutional liquation of the γ′ phase. To understand the interaction between the thermal stress and the liquid film in the LSF process, thermal stress as a cracking driving force was also estimated based on the measurement of the residual stress from the substrate to the remelting zone of the IN-738LC deposit by the Vickers micro-indentation method.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for financial support by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51323008 and 51501154), National Key Research and Development Programme of China (Grant Nos. 2016YFB1100104 and 2016YFB1100600), Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Project in Shaanxi Province (No. 2014KCT-14), Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (No. 2016KTZDCY02-02), and Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (No. 2017JM5052).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixilu, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710072, People’s Republic of China

    Jianjun Xu, Xin Lin, Pengfei Guo, Xiaoli Wen, Qiuge Li, Haiou Yang & Weidong Huang

  2. Key Laboratory of Metal High Performance Additive Manufacturing and Innovative Design, MIIT China, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixilu, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710072, People’s Republic of China

    Jianjun Xu, Xin Lin, Pengfei Guo, Xiaoli Wen, Qiuge Li, Haiou Yang & Weidong Huang

  3. Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan

    Yufan Zhao

  4. Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK

    Hongbiao Dong

  5. Xi’an Bright Laser Technologies LTD, Xiyuan, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Western Part of South Second Ring Road, Xi’an, 710072, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

    Lei Xue

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  1. Jianjun Xu
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  2. Xin Lin
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Correspondence to Xin Lin, Haiou Yang or Hongbiao Dong.

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Manuscript submitted March 12, 2018.

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Xu, J., Lin, X., Zhao, Y. et al. HAZ Liquation Cracking Mechanism of IN-738LC Superalloy Prepared by Laser Solid Forming. Metall Mater Trans A 49, 5118–5136 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4826-6

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