Abstract
Grain refinement phenomena during the microstructural evolution upon nonequilibrium solidification of deeply undercooled Ni-20 at. pct Cu melts were systematically investigated. The dendrite growth in the bulk undercooled melts was captured by a high-speed camera. The first kind of grain refinement occurring in the low undercooling regimes was explained by a current grain refinement model. Besides, for the dendrite melting mechanism, the stress originating from the solidification contraction and thermal strain in the FMZ during rapid solidification could be a main mechanism causing the second kind of grain refinement above the critical undercooling. This internal stress led to the distortion and breakup of the primary dendrites and was semiquantitatively described by a corrected stress accumulation model. It was found that the stress-induced recrystallization could make the primary microstructures refine substantially after recalescence. A new method, i.e., rapidly quenching the deeply undercooled alloy melts before recalescence, was developed in the present work to produce crystalline alloys, which were still in the cold-worked state and, thus, had the driven force for recrystallization.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
J.L. Walker: The Physical Chemistry of Process Metallurgy, Part 2, Interscience, New York, NY, 1959.
M.E. Glicksman: Acta Metall., 1965, vol. 13, p. 1231.
G. Horvay: Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 1965, vol. 81, p. 959.
K.A. Jackson, J.D. Hunt, and D.R. Uhlmann: J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1969, vol. 245, p. 407.
G.L.F. Powell: J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1991, vol. 10, p. 7456.
D.M. Herlach: Mater. Sci. Eng. R, 1994, vol. R12, pp. 177–272.
F. Liu and G.C. Yang: Int. Mater. Rev., 2006, vol. 51, pp. 145–70.
F. Liu, G.C. Yang, and X.F. Guo: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2001, vol. 311, pp. 54–63.
F. Liu and G.C. Yang: J. Cryst. Growth, 2001, vol. 231, pp. 295–305.
A. Karma: Int. J. Non-Equilibrium Proc., 1998, vol. 11 p. 201.
J.F. Li, Y.C. Liu, Y.L. Lu, G.C. Yang, and Y.H. Zhou: J. Cryst. Growth, 1998, vol. 192, pp. 462–70.
J.W. Christian: The Theory of Transformation in Metals and Alloys, Pergamon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2002, pp. 832–58.
W. Boettinger, S.R. Coriell, and R. Trivedi (1988) In: R. Mehrabian and P.A. Parrish, eds. Rapid Solidification Processing: Principles and Technologies, Claitor’s, Baton Rouge.
T.J. Piccone, Y. Wu, Y. Shiohara, and M.C. Flemings: Metall. Trans. A, 1987, vol. 18A, pp. 925–32.
S.Y. Lu, J.F. Li, and Y.H. Zhou: J. Cryst. Growth, 2007, vol. 309, pp. 103–11.
X.L. Xu, Y.Z. Chen, and F. Liu: Mater. Lett., 2012, vol. 81, pp. 73–75.
S.Y. Lu, J.F. Li, and Y.H. Zhou: J. Alloys Compd., 2008, vol. 458, pp. 517–22.
G. Wilde, G.P. Gorler, and R. Willnecker: Appl. Phys. Lett., 1996, vol. 69, pp. 2995–97.
A.K. Dahle, H.J. Thevik, L. Arnberg, and D.H. John: St. Mater. Trans. B, 1999, vol. 30, p. 287.
H.J. Thevik and A. Mo: Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 1997, vol. 40, p. 2055.
J. Ni and C. Beckermann: Metall. Trans. B, 1991, vol. 22B, p. 349.
X.L. Xu and F. Liu: J. Alloys. Compd., 2014, vol. 597, pp. 205–10.
Acknowledgments
This work is supported by International Cooperation project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2014DFA50320), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51674226, 51574207, 51574206, 51274175), International Science and technology cooperation project of Shanxi Province (Nos. 2015081041), Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (Nos. 2016-Key 2). The authors are grateful to the financial support of National Basic Research Program of China (973Program, 2011CB610403).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Manuscript submitted February 11, 2017.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, X., Hou, H., Zhao, Y. et al. Nonequilibrium Solidification, Grain Refinements, and Recrystallization of Deeply Undercooled Ni-20 At. Pct Cu Alloys: Effects of Remelting and Stress. Metall Mater Trans A 48, 4777–4785 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-017-4194-7
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-017-4194-7