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Recovery of Ductility in Ultrafine-Grained Low-Carbon Steel Processed Through Equal-Channel Angular Pressing Followed by Cold Rolling and Flash Annealing

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Abstract

The low-carbon steel workpieces are deformed by equal-channel angular pressing at 293 K (20 °C) up to an equivalent strain of ~12 using route B c, which results in the bulk ultrafine-grained (UFG) structure with high dislocation density and partial dissolution of cementite. The yield strength (YS) is enhanced from 208 (as-received) to 872 MPa and the tensile strength is increased from 362 to 996 MPa, but the material loses total elongation (TE) from 36.2 to 2.9 pct. Cold rolling of equal-channel angular pressed steel produces the refined structure of grain size 0.11 μm. The YS increases further to 924 MPa with a marginal gain in ductility due to the reappearance of the γ fiber component. Flash annealing the samples, which were equal-channel angular pressed followed by cold rolling, at 873 K (600 °C) results in 27 pct of micron-sized (9 µm) ferrite grains in submicron-sized (<1 µm) matrix with a reduced defect density and small amount of precipitation of cementite. TE increases from 2.9 to 23.3 pct. The material retains a YS of 484 MPa and tensile strength of 517 MPa, which are higher than those of the as-received material. The UFG grains are failed by cleavage, but the micron-sized grains display ductile fracture. The ductility of the flash-annealed material is recovered significantly due to bimodal grain size distribution in ferrite and the development of a good amount of γ fiber texture components. The major contribution toward recovery of ductility comes from the bimodal grain size distribution in ferrite rather the precipitation of cementite.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Department of Science and Technology, the Government of India, for the financial support under Project No. SR/S3/ME/0009/2010 (G) dated July 14, 2011. They also gratefully acknowledge the help of Professor I. Samajdar, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, for extending the OIM facility supported by the Intensification of Research in High Priority Areas of DST, New Delhi, and the X-ray diffraction facility.

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  1. Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India

    Raj Bahadur Singh, N. K. Mukhopadhyay, G. V. S. Sastry & R. Manna

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  1. Raj Bahadur Singh
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Manuscript submitted June 28 2016.

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Singh, R.B., Mukhopadhyay, N.K., Sastry, G.V.S. et al. Recovery of Ductility in Ultrafine-Grained Low-Carbon Steel Processed Through Equal-Channel Angular Pressing Followed by Cold Rolling and Flash Annealing. Metall Mater Trans A 48, 1189–1203 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3892-x

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