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Solidification Microstructure, Segregation, and Shrinkage of Fe-Mn-C Twinning-Induced Plasticity Steel by Simulation and Experiment

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Abstract

A 3D cellular automaton finite element model with full coupling of heat, flow, and solute transfer incorporating solidification grain nucleation and growth was developed for a multicomponent system. The predicted solidification process, shrinkage porosity, macrosegregation, grain orientation, and microstructure evolution of Fe-22Mn-0.7C twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel match well with the experimental observation and measurement. Based on a new solute microsegregation model using the finite difference method, the thermophysical parameters including solid fraction, thermal conductivity, density, and enthalpy were predicted and compared with the results from thermodynamics and experiment. The effects of flow and solute transfer in the liquid phase on the solidification microstructure of Fe-22Mn-0.7C TWIP steel were compared numerically. Thermal convection decreases the temperature gradient in the liquid steel, leading to the enlargement of the equiaxed zone. Solute enrichment in front of the solid/liquid interface weakens the thermal convection, resulting in a little postponement of columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET). The CET behavior of Fe-Mn-C TWIP steel during solidification was fully described and mathematically quantized by grain morphology statistics for the first time. A new methodology to figure out the CET location by linear regression of grain mean size with least-squares arithmetic was established, by which a composition design strategy for Fe-Mn-C TWIP steel according to solidification microstructure, matrix compactness, and homogeneity was developed.

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Abbreviations

CET:

Columnar-to-equiaxed transition

FEEDLEN:

Length of liquid steel feeding

HTC:

Heat-transfer coefficient

MACROFS:

Critical solid fraction for macroshrinkage

TWIP:

Twinning-induced plasticity

a :

Temperature coefficient in calculating thermal conductivity

a 2 :

Kinetics coefficients of dendrite tip growth

a 3 :

Kinetics coefficients of dendrite tip growth

a γ :

Parameter in calculating enthalpy

b :

Solute concentration coefficient in calculating thermal conductivity

c p :

Specific heat

c 0 :

Initial solute concentration

D :

Diffusion coefficient

f :

Solid fraction

f t v :

Solid fraction at step t for cell v

f t+δt v :

Solid fraction at step t + δt for cell v

δf v :

Solid fraction change or cell v

G :

Temperature gradient

H :

Enthalpy

δH :

Enthalpy change in micro-time-step

δH v :

Enthalpy change in micro-time-step for cell v

δH n :

Enthalpy change in micro-time-step for the element n

k :

Equilibrium solid/liquid partition coefficient

K :

Thermal conductivity

L :

Liquid phase

M :

Mass

m :

Slope of the liquidus line in phase diagram

n :

Number of the element containing the cell v

t :

Time-step

T :

Temperature

T L :

Liquidus

T S :

Solidus

T m :

Melting temperature for pure ferrite

T eutectic :

Eutectic temperature

T t v :

Temperature at step t for cell v

T t+δt v :

Temperature at step t + δt for cell v

δT v :

Temperature change or cell v

δt :

Micro-time-step

υ :

Dendrite growth rate

∆T :

Undercooling

∆H f :

Latent heat of per unit volume

v :

Cell number

ϕ vn :

Interpolation coefficient of element n and cell v

ρ :

Density

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Acknowledgments

This research was carried out in the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. FRF-TP-15-066A1).

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  1. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

    Peng Lan (Lecturer), Haiyan Tang (Associate Professor) & Jiaquan Zhang (Professor)

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Manuscript submitted July 14, 2013.

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Lan, P., Tang, H. & Zhang, J. Solidification Microstructure, Segregation, and Shrinkage of Fe-Mn-C Twinning-Induced Plasticity Steel by Simulation and Experiment. Metall Mater Trans A 47, 2964–2984 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3445-3

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