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Precipitation-Induced Changes in Microstrain and Its Relation with Hardness and Tempering Parameter in 17-4 PH Stainless Steel

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Abstract

17-4 PH (precipitation hardening) stainless steel is a soft martensitic stainless steel strengthened by aging at appropriate temperature for sufficient duration. Precipitation of copper particles in the martensitic matrix during aging causes coherency strains which improves the mechanical properties, namely hardness and strength of the matrix. The contributions to X-ray diffraction (XRD) profile broadening due to coherency strains caused by precipitation and crystallite size changes due to aging are separated and quantified using the modified Williamson–Hall approach. The estimated normalized mean square strain and crystallite size are used to explain the observed changes in hardness. Microstructural changes observed in secondary electron images are in qualitative agreement with crystallite size changes estimated from XRD profile analysis. The precipitation kinetics in the age-hardening regime and overaged regime are studied from hardness changes and they follow the Avrami kinetics and Wilson’s model, respectively. In overaged condition, the hardness changes are linearly correlated to the tempering parameter (also known as Larson–Miller parameter). Similar linear variation is observed between the normalized mean square strain (determined from XRD line profile analysis) and the tempering parameter, in the incoherent regime which is beyond peak microstrain conditions.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express their gratitude to Dr. K. Laha, Head, Mechanical Metallurgy Division, MMG for fruitful discussions on the tempering parameter. The authors would also like to thank Ms. Aarthi Ganesan, presently with Department of Physics, Jain University, Bangalore for her help and involvement during the X-ray diffraction measurements during her stay at this center.

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Author notes

  1. T. Jayakumar (Director, Visiting Professor)

    Present address: Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, 603 102, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nondestructive Evaluation Division, Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, 603 102, India

    S. Mahadevan (Scientific Officer), R. Manojkumar (Scientific Officer) & B. P. C. Rao (Head)

  2. Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, 506004, India

    T. Jayakumar (Director, Visiting Professor)

  3. Materials Technology Division, Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, 603 102, India

    C. R. Das (Scientific Officer)

Authors
  1. S. Mahadevan
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  2. R. Manojkumar
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  3. T. Jayakumar
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Correspondence to S. Mahadevan.

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Manuscript submitted March 5, 2015.

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Mahadevan, S., Manojkumar, R., Jayakumar, T. et al. Precipitation-Induced Changes in Microstrain and Its Relation with Hardness and Tempering Parameter in 17-4 PH Stainless Steel. Metall Mater Trans A 47, 3109–3118 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3440-8

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