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Three-Dimensional Numerical Model Considering Phase Transformation in Friction Stir Welding of Steel

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Abstract

A three-dimensional (3D) thermo-mechanical model is developed considering the phase transformation occurring during the friction stir welding (FSW) of steel, and the simulated result is compared with both the measured temperature distribution during FSW and the microstructural changes after FSW. The austenite grain size (AGS) decreases significantly because of the frictional heat and severe plastic deformation generated during FSW, and the decreased AGS accelerates the diffusional phase transformation during FSW. The ferrite phase, one of the diffusional phases, is developed mainly in mild steel, whereas the bainite phase transformation occurs significantly in high-strength steel with large hardenability. Additionally, transformation-induced heat is observed mainly in the stir zone during FSW. The measured temperature distribution and phase fraction agree fairly well with the predicted data.

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Acknowledgment

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Programme through the National Research Foundation in Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning (NRF-2013R1A2A2A01008806).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Center for Iron & Steel Research, RIAM, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Republic of Korea

    Dong-Wan Kim (Ph.D. Student), Keunho Lee (Ph.D. Student) & Heung Nam Han (Professor)

  2. School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 680-749, Republic of Korea

    Sung-Tae Hong (Associate Professor) & Yong-Ha Jeong (Ph.D. Student)

  3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Yi-Gil Cho (Researcher)

  4. Nuclear Materials Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejon, 305-353, Republic of Korea

    Suk Hoon Kang (Researcher)

  5. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA

    Hoon-Hwe Cho (Researcher)

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  1. Hoon-Hwe Cho
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  2. Dong-Wan Kim
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Correspondence to Heung Nam Han.

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Manuscript submitted on April 27, 2015.

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Cho, HH., Kim, DW., Hong, ST. et al. Three-Dimensional Numerical Model Considering Phase Transformation in Friction Stir Welding of Steel. Metall Mater Trans A 46, 6040–6051 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-3177-9

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