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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Spot-Welded IF/DP Dissimilar Steel Joints

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Abstract

Interstitial-free (IF) and dual-phase (DP) steel sheets of 1-mm thickness were joined by friction stir spot welding with a convex shoulder tool. Two different combinations were used; one with IF as top sheet (IF/DP) and another with DP as top sheet (DP/IF). Material intermixing between the overlapping sheets takes place within the stirred zone. The truncated sheet interface curls upward into the top sheet, more so in case of IF/DP, due to lower resistance offered by the top (IF) sheet to the upward migrating bottom (DP) sheet material. Material from the IF steel contains ferrite phases, while that from the DP steel contains acicular ferrite and lath martensite. Under quasi-static loading, the crack passes along the dissimilar interface and into the top sheet thickness, resulting in pull-out failure. Under cyclic loading, the failure is brought about by the initiation of kinked fatigue cracks and their subsequent propagation through the top and bottom sheet thickness. The dominant fatigue crack moves through the reduced top sheet thickness. The mechanical performance of DP/IF is better than IF/DP owing to higher strength of the stirred zone. The mechanical performances of the dissimilar joints are intermediate to that of the similar material joints.

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Acknowledgments

The work was funded by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Steel Development Fund (Government of India), and Tata Steel Ltd. The authors would like to thank Mr. V. Sharma and Mr. N. K. Mahato of Tata Steel R&D for their valuable assistance in the characterization process and Mr. P. Banerjee of Welding Technology Centre, Jadavpur University for his continuous guidance and encouragement.

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Author notes

  1. Shiladitya Sengupta (Graduate Research Assistant)

    Present address: Metallurgical Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 1870 Miner Circle, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Welding Technology Centre, Metallurgical and Material Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India

    Rajarshi Sarkar (Doctoral Fellow), Shiladitya Sengupta (Graduate Research Assistant) & Tapan Kumar Pal (Professor)

  2. Material Characterization & Joining Group, R & D, Tata Steel, Jamshedpur, 831001, Jharkhand, India

    Mahadev Shome (Head)

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  1. Rajarshi Sarkar
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Correspondence to Rajarshi Sarkar.

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Manuscript submitted January 29, 2015.

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Sarkar, R., Sengupta, S., Pal, T.K. et al. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Spot-Welded IF/DP Dissimilar Steel Joints. Metall Mater Trans A 46, 5182–5200 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-3116-9

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