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Rapid trabecular bone growth in puberty associated with stiffer arteries in adulthood – longitudinal study on healthy young males

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Abstract

Summary

Longitudinal bone content data from puberty to adulthood was assessed in 102 healthy males and associations with arterial health in adulthood was analysed. Bone growth in puberty was related to arterial stiffening and final bone mineral content to decreased arterial stiffness. Relationships with arterial stiffness were dependent on the studied bone regions.

Introduction

Our aim was to assess the relationships between arterial parameters in adulthood and bone parameters in several locations longitudinally from puberty to 18-years and cross-sectionally at 18-years.

Methods

102 healthy male data from a 7-year follow—up study was used to analyse total body (TB), femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) mineral content and density by DXA, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) by ultrasound, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and heart rate adjusted augmentation index (AIxHR75) by applanation tonometry.

Results

Linear regression analysis revealed negative associations between LS bone mineral density (BMD) and cfPWV [ß=-1.861, CI -3.589, -0.132, p=0.035] which remained significant [ß=-2.679, CI -4.837, -0.522, p=0.016] after adjustment to smoking, lean mass, weight category, pubertal stage, physical fitness, and activity. For AIxHR75 similar results were present [ß=-0.286, CI -0.553, -0.020, p=0.035], but were dependent on confounders. Analysis on pubertal bone growth speed showed independent positive associations to AIxHR75 between Δ FN bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) [ß=672.50, CI 348.07, 996.93, p<0.001] and Δ LS BMAD [ß=700.40, CI 57.384, 1343.423, p=0.033]. Further analysis combining pubertal bone growth and adulthood BMC revealed that the relationships of AIxHR75 with LS BMC and ΔFN BMAD were independent of each other.

Conclusion

Trabecular bone regions like lumbar spine and femoral neck, showed stronger relationships with arterial stiffness. Rapid bone growth in puberty is related to arterial stiffening, while final bone mineral content relates to decreased arterial stiffness. These results could indicate that bone metabolism is independently associated with arterial stiffness rather than bone and arteries just having common traits of growth and maturation.

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Acknowledgements

The study was supported by the grant from the Estonian Research Council PRG1120 and PRG1428.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406, Tartu, Estonia

    Juta Kraav

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

    Maksim Zagura

  3. Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 51007, Tartu, Estonia

    Liina Remmel, Evelin Mäestu & Jaak Jürimäe

  4. Children’s Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 50406, Tartu, Estonia

    Vallo Tillmann

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Contributions

All authors participated in designing of the study, discussed the results and implications, and commented on the paper at all stages.

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Correspondence to Juta Kraav.

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Ethical approval

The study was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol for analysis was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Tartu (Consent No 327-T20, 19.10.2020). Written informed consent was received from each study participant and their legal guardian where applicable. Cumulative and/or summary research data will be made available upon request to the corresponding author of the article. The raw participant data are not publicly available due to privacy and ethical restrictions.

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Kraav, J., Zagura, M., Remmel, L. et al. Rapid trabecular bone growth in puberty associated with stiffer arteries in adulthood – longitudinal study on healthy young males. Arch Osteoporos 18, 62 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-023-01257-3

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