Abstract
The petrographic and geochemical attributes of the Oligocene Barail Group of rocks are used to decipher the likely source area(s) or tectonic domains, as this sequence of rocks was deposited in a foreland basin governed by orogenic domain, namely the North-east Arunachal Himalayas. The river system that gave rise to the Brahmaputra River (Yarlung-Tsangpo), which flowed through several tectonic domains of the Himalayan ranges, primarily from Bomi-Chayu, Gangadese Granitoid, Higher Himalayan Leucogranites, and Namche Barwa into the proto Bengal Basin now a part of Assam Arakan Basin and Naga Schuppen Belt, was the main source of the sandstone formation of the Barail Group. The purpose of sandstone petrography, which combines modal analysis with XRF (Major Oxides) and HR-ICP-MS (Trace & Rare Earth Elements) research, is to identify the type of source rock(s), their weathering pattern, and its paleo-environmental circumstances. These sandstones were formed from recycled orogen and include lithic and sublithic arenite variants with advanced texture and chemical maturity. The sediments were felsic (Th/Co: 1.38, Cr/Th: 9.78, La/Lu: 11.58, Th/Sc: 0.99, Eu/Eu*: 0.66, La/Sc: 3.05, La/Co: 4.18), with contributions from intermediate source rocks and low-rank metamorphics deposited in an active continental margin to a continental island arc setting. Climatic conditions impacted the sediments of Barails, characterised by being warm and semi-humid to humid which resulted in moderate to a high degree of chemical weathering, as shown by weathering indices like CIA (79.14), PIA (85.47), CIW (86.9), WIP (32.50), ICV (0.71), and Th/U (6.03), which were further additionally supported by C-Value (1.01), PF (1.20), Sr/Cu (2.04), and Rb/Sr (0.97).
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We express our sincere gratitude to the Editors of Acta Geochimica for their support, guidance and editorial handling. Our special mention goes to the anonymous reviewers for their critical reviews and constructive suggestions which immensely improved the quality of the manuscript. Pradip Borgohain and Devojit Bezbaruah are grateful to the Centre of Excellence for Energy Studies (CoEES), OIL, Guwahati for extending the Financial Support to conduct the Geochemical Analysis in NGRI, Hyderabad under the Project Contract No. 6111264.
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PB, DB and MPG designed this research work. PB, DB, MPG, YKG and GK conducted the geological field work and collected most of the field data. MPG and BB did the initial interpretation of the data and drafted the manuscript. PB, DB, YD and GRB critically analyzed the interpretations and were actively involved in the improvement of the draft. Statistical analyses of the geochemical data was conducted by AP. All the authors have participated in the discussion and contributed significantly for the improvement of this manuscript.
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Gogoi, M.P., Dong, Y., Borgohain, P. et al. Mineralogy and whole-rock geochemistry of the Oligocene Barail Group of rocks of Belt of Schuppen, Northeast India: Implications for tectono-provenance and paleo-weathering. Acta Geochim (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-024-00679-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-024-00679-1