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Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Paleoproterozoic ortho-gneisses and granitoids of the Banded Gneissic Complex, central Rajasthan, NW India: Implications for crustal reworking processes

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Abstract

Granitoids and orthogneisses (~ 1.7 Ga) from the northern part of the Banded Gneissic Complex (BGC-II domain), Aravalli Craton (NW India) are geochemically analyzed to understand the geodynamic condition and crustal evolution processes. The samples are metaluminous to peraluminous (molar A/CNK: 0.74–2.12), and characterized by Eu-anomaly ranging from 0.17 to 1.06, Fe2O3T/(Fe2O3T + MgO) from 0.8 to 0.9 and high magmatic zircon saturation temperature (> 830 °C) which are the features suggestive of A-type granite affinity. Tectonic discrimination diagrams classify the samples as post-collisional extensional A2-type granites. Geochemical characteristics along with trace element ratios [(Y/Nb)N = 0.15 to 4.33 (avg. 0.76), (Th/Nb)N = 4.63 to 255.47 (avg. 63.13), (Th/Ta)N = 1.37 to 9.84 (avg. 8.86), (Ce/Pb)N = 0.05 to 3.05 (avg. 1.43)] indicate that the rocks were derived from a plagioclase-rich and garnet-free crustal source under low-pressure conditions. Further, it is also proposed that tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) rocks which occur dominantly in southern Rajasthan (BGC-I) are precursors and their partial melting led to the generation of the studied A-type granite samples. The studied samples also bear close geochemical similarity with A-type granites of similar age (~1.7 Ga) near the Sakhun-Ladera region of northern BGC-II. The studied A-type granites are believed to be coeval to similar aged A-type granites of the Khetri and Alwar sub-basins of the North Delhi Fold Belt (NDFB). They are comparable in age and magmatic history to recorded A-type magmatism in North America and parts of the Chinese craton. The large geographical extents of synchronous A-type granites are proposed to be related to the Columbia Supercontinent assembly (ca. 1.7 Ga; post-collisional granites). Thus, based on the studied extensional granites, we surmise that BGC-II was part of the Columbia Supercontinent.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Chairperson, Department of Geology, A.M.U., Aligarh, the Director, CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad for extending necessary facilities to take up this work. Part of the research work has been financially supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Government of India, New Delhi, under a Major Research Project (File No. CRG/2019/000088) sanctioned to MEAM. We are thankful to Dr. Binbin Wang (Managing Editor) and an anonymous reviewer for valuable suggestions that improved the quality of the manuscript.

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  1. T. P. Abdul Latheef

    Present address: Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India

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  1. Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P, 202002, India

    Iftikhar Ahmad, T. P. Abdul Latheef, M. E. A. Mondal, Ismail S. Hamidullah & Kamaal Parvez

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Contributions

IA, MEAM and ISH designed the study, carried out field and collected samples and generated data. ALTP and IA prepared the first draft of this manuscript. IA and KP revised the manuscript. KP drew/modified the diagrams and proofread the manuscript. All authors agreed and discussed the results and approved the final version of this manuscript.

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Ahmad, I., Latheef, T.P.A., Mondal, M.E.A. et al. Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Paleoproterozoic ortho-gneisses and granitoids of the Banded Gneissic Complex, central Rajasthan, NW India: Implications for crustal reworking processes. Acta Geochim 42, 373–386 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-022-00588-1

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