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Genesis, metallogenic model, and prospecting prediction of the Nibao gold deposit in the Guizhou Province, China

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Abstract

Southwestern Guizhou province is one of China’s most important distribution areas of Carlin-type gold deposits. The Nibao deposit is a typical gold deposit in southwestern Guizhou. To elucidate the genesis of the Nibao gold deposit, establish a metallogenic model, and guide prospecting prediction, we systematically collected previously reported geological, geochemical, and dating data and discussed the genesis of the Nibao gold deposit, based on which we proposed the metallogenic model. Earlier works show that the Nibao anticline, F1 fault, and its hanging wall dragged anticline (Erlongqiangbao anticline) were formed before or simultaneously with gold mineralization, while F2, F3, and F4 faults postdate gold mineralization. Regional geophysical data showed extensive low resistivity anomaly areas near the SBT (the product of tectonic slippage and hydrothermal alteration) between the P2/P3 and the strata of the Longtan Formation in the SSE direction of Nibao anticline in the lower plate of F1 and hanging wall dragged anticline (Erlongqiangbao anticline), and the anomaly areas are distributed within the influence range of anticlines. Simultaneously, soil and structural geochemistry show that F1, Nibao anticline, Erlongqiangbao anticline, and their transition areas all show good metallogenic elements (Au, As, and S) assemblage anomalies, with good metallogenic space and prospecting possibilities. There are five main hypotheses about the source of ore-forming fluids and Au in the Nibao gold deposit: (1) related to the Emeishan mantle plume activity; (2) source from the Emeishan basalt; (3) metamorphic fluid mineralization; (4) basin fluid mineralization; (5) related to deep concealed magmatic rocks; of these, the mainstream understanding is the fifth speculation. It is acknowledged that the ore-forming fluids are hydrothermal fluids with medium–low temperature, high pressure, medium–low salinity, low density, low oxygen fugacity, weak acidity, weak reduction, and rich in CO2 and CH4. The fluid pressure is 2–96.54 MPa, corresponding to depths of 0.23–3.64 km. The dating results show that the metallogenic age is ~141 Ma, the extensional tectonic environment related to the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate. Based on the above explanation, the genetic model related to deep concealed magmatic rocks of the Nibao gold deposit is established, and favorable prospecting areas are outlined; this is of great significance for regional mineral exploration and studying the genesis of gold deposits.

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Acknowledgements

This paper was financially supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China (41962008), the Talent Team Program of Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province (Qian Ke He Ping Tai Ren Cai CXTD [2021]007), the National Natural Science Fund of China (U1812402), and the Guizhou Province Graduate Research Fund (YJSCXJH[2020]095). We thank the No. 105 Geological Party of the Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration & Development for field works.

Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China (41962008), the Talent Team Program of Guizhou Science and Technology Fund (Qianke Pingtairen Caixintang [2021]007), the Geological Exploration Fund Project of Guizhou Province (520000214TLCOG7DGTDRG), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1812402), Scientific Research Project of Hubei Geological Bureau (KJ2022-21), and the Graduate Research Fund of Guizhou Province (YJSCXJH [2020]) 095).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China

    Weifang Song, Jianzhong Liu & Shengtao Cao

  2. College of Mining, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China

    Lulin Zheng

  3. Six Geological Team of Hubei Geological Bureau, Xiaogan, 432000, China

    Weifang Song

  4. Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration & Development, Guiyang, 550004, China

    Jianzhong Liu

  5. Innovation Center Ore Resources Exploration Technology in the Region of Bedrock, Ministry of Natural Resources of People’s Republic of China, Guiyang, 550018, China

    Jianzhong Liu

  6. Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China

    Zhuojun Xie

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Song, W., Zheng, L., Liu, J. et al. Genesis, metallogenic model, and prospecting prediction of the Nibao gold deposit in the Guizhou Province, China. Acta Geochim 42, 136–152 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-022-00575-6

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