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Chemical compositions of sulfides in the porphyry Cu ores, Yangla Cu deposit, Yunnan, China: implication for ore genesis

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Abstract

The Yangla Cu deposit is the largest ore deposit in the Jinshajiang polymetallic metallogenic belt, northwest Yunnan, China. There is no consensus on the genesis of the ore deposit owing to the limited studies on the chemical compositions of sulfides. This study used an electron probe micro-analyzer to constrain the chemical compositions of pyrite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite, and sphalerite in the porphyry Cu ore of the Yangla Cu deposit and compared them with the chemical compositions of sulfides in the skarn Cu ore. The trace element contents and their occurrences were used to estimate the metallogenic temperature and infer the genesis of the Yangla deposit. The results show that the sulfides in the porphyry Cu ores have variations of ore element concentrations relative to their theoretical values. Pyrite is depleted in S but elevated in Fe; chalcopyrite is depleted in Cu, Fe, and S; and molybdenite and sphalerite are enriched in S whilst depleted in Mo and Zn. The concentrations of the main metallogenic elements Cu, Fe, Mo, Zn, and S in the porphyry are generally lower than those in skarn, suggesting that the porphyry ore was formed in a moderate to moderate-high temperature metallogenic environment. The formation time may also be slightly later than that of the skarn Cu ore. Elements such as As, Co, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mo, Cd, and Ni mainly exist as isomorphic replacements and mineral inclusions in the sulfides of both porphyry and skarn Cu ores. The trace element features of sulfides in the two ore bodies show that the Yangla Cu deposit may be a composite super imposed ore deposit, and its formation has undergone the process of exhalative-sedimentary to skarn-porphyry mineralization.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41862007 and 41402072), Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young & Elite Talents Project (No. YNWR-QNBJ-2018-093), the Key Disciplines Construction of Kunming University of Science and Technology (No. 14078384), and the Analysis and Testing Foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology (2017T20160006). We are grateful to Dr. Jianping Liu, Dr. Weikang Chen, and Dr. Shaoqing Liu (School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University) for sulfides EPMA analyses; and Dr. Yuedong Liu, Dr. Cheng Luo, Dr. Xiaoqing Liu and Dr. Zaizao Li (Yunnan Diqin Mining Industry Group) for their field work. The authors would also like to thank anonymous reviewers for their useful comments and constructive reviews, which significantly improved the manuscript.

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  1. Faculty of Land and Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China

    Xinfu Wang, Bo Li, Zuopeng Xiang, Yan Yue & Guo Tang

  2. Kunming Prospecting Design Institute of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Co., Ltd, Kunming, 650051, China

    Guo Tang

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Wang, X., Li, B., Xiang, Z. et al. Chemical compositions of sulfides in the porphyry Cu ores, Yangla Cu deposit, Yunnan, China: implication for ore genesis. Acta Geochim 39, 947–972 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-020-00433-3

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