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Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics and Delayed Dry-Out Ability of Non-Azeotropic Mixtures R245fa/R134a in Microchannels

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Abstract

Microchannel flow boiling heat transfer has the advantages of strong heat dissipation capacity, good temperature uniformity, and compact structure. It is an excellent way to thermally manage electronic devices, but when the heat flux exceeds CHF (Critical Heat Flux), the heat transfer performance deteriorates as the working fluid dries out. Non-azeotropic mixtures have the potential to effectively delay or avoid dry-out during the boiling process due to their temperature slide characteristics which causes the mass transfer resistance. To understand the influence of non-azeotropic mixtures on microchannel flow boiling, using the phase-change microchannel heat sink as the research object, the experiments on the flow boiling heat transfer performance of R245fa/R134a mixtures under different working conditions were carried out, and the characteristics of flow boiling heat transfer were obtained under the different working conditions, and comparison was developed with those of pure substance R245fa. The results demonstrated that a small amount of low-boiling-point components in the high-boiling-point working fluid inhibited boiling heat transfer to some extent, and lowered the average heat transfer coefficient under the non-dryout condition slightly lower than that of the pure substance; however, it also effectively delayed the onset of local dry-out and prevented significant deterioration in thermal transfer performance under the lower mass flow rate and higher heat flux, which could enhance the heat sink’s stability.

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Abbreviations

A :

area/m2

a :

copper column side length/m

b :

rib thickness/m

c :

rib height/m

c p :

specific heat capacity/kJ·(kg·K)−1

D :

hydraulic diameter of the channel/m

D h :

channel hydraulic diameter/mm

f :

friction coefficient

G :

mass flow rate/kg·(m2·s)−1

g :

gravitational acceleration/m·s−2

H :

channel height/m

h :

heat transfer coefricient/W·(m2·K)−1

K :

irreversible pressure drop coefficient of change

l :

microchannel length/m

M :

mass flow/kg·s−1

N :

number of channels

P :

heating power/W

p :

pressure/Pa

Δp :

pressure drop/Pa

q :

heat flux/W·m−2

Re :

Reynolds number

T :

temperature/K

ΔT :

wall superheat/K

W :

channel width/m

x :

quality

Δx :

distance between two thermocouple holes/m

Δx′:

distance from the top thermocouple hole to the bottom/m

a:

accelerated

b:

bottom

c:

contact

co:

copper

e:

effective

f:

frictional

i :

thermocouple hole location

in:

inlet

l:

liquid

m:

mixture

out:

outlet

s:

single

sat:

saturation

t:

total

v:

vapor

w:

wall

α :

rib efficiency

δ :

void fraction

ε :

area ratio

η :

heat loss rate

λ :

thermal conductivity/W·(m·K)−1

μ :

viscosity/Pa·s

ρ :

density/kg·m−3

σ :

surface tension/N·m−1

φ :

mass fraction

CHF:

critical heat flux

MTR:

mass transfer resistance

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Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52076185), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. LZ19E060001) and the Open Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering (No. KF2019-02).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310007, China

    Yongjie Lu, Yuan Zhuang, Chenyang Li, Hongsheng Ouyang & Xiaohong Han

  2. Zhejiang Zhongguang Electrical Co., Ltd., Lishui, 323000, China

    Yongjun Ling

  3. State Key Lab for Fluorine Greenhouse Gases Replacement and Control Treatment, Zhejiang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Hangzhou, 310014, China

    Hongsheng Ouyang

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  1. Yongjie Lu
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  2. Yongjun Ling
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  4. Chenyang Li
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Correspondence to Xiaohong Han.

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HAN Xiaohong is an editorial board member for Journal of Thermal Science and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. All authors declare that there are no competing interests.

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Lu, Y., Ling, Y., Zhuang, Y. et al. Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics and Delayed Dry-Out Ability of Non-Azeotropic Mixtures R245fa/R134a in Microchannels. J. Therm. Sci. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11630-024-1959-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11630-024-1959-3

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