Abstract
Exploring transport patterns of soil contaminants is essential for solving the problem of heavy metal contamination in mine soils. In this study, contamination of Pb, Zn, and Cd in the mountain soils of the lead-zinc ore mines in Ganxi Township, Hengdong County, Hunan Province, China was investigated, and their transport patterns were further explored using a soil-column model and numerical simulation techniques. In total, 111 mine soil samples were collected and placed into six experimental soil columns. By controlling the water flow, a control soil column group (CK), two mixed soil columns X1 with daily water flows of 1 and 5 L, and three mixed soil columns X3 with daily water flows of 2, 3, and 4 L were evaluated. The results showed that the residual fraction of Pb accounted for 71.93 % of the content on average, whereas the exchangeable fractions of Zn, Cd, and Fe-Mn oxide-bound fractions of Zn and Cd accounted for 28.60%, 31.07%, and 43.2% and 53.54% of the content, respectively. Pb, Zn, and Cd in the soils of the CK, X1, and X3 groups mainly were accumulated at a depth from approximately 0 to 20 cm, and the content at this depth accounted for 60.09% of that at a 0∼40 cm depth. The soil at a depth range of 0∼10 cm was most seriously contaminated, and the proportion of content was 32.39% of that at a 0∼40 cm depth. Numerical simulation showed that on the 5th day, the pollutant transport range was 0∼24 cm, and on the 9th day, the pollutant transport range exceeded 40 cm. On the 15th day, the transport capacity of pollutants at depths of 0∼40 cm was close to the stable state, but the soil at a depth of 0∼10 cm was still heavily polluted. These results reflect the transport pattern of heavy metal pollutants in the soil of lead-zinc ore mines and may provide a reliable scientific support for the prevention of heavy metal contamination in mine environments.
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Acknowledgment
This research was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, grant number “2021JJ30679” and the Hunan Provincial Department of Education General Project, grant number “19C1744”. The authors wish to give special thanks to Dr. TIAN Ke of the College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, China for the experimental support; Ms. ZHANG Kang for her careful guidance of the experiments; and Dr. SHI Dongping for providing the soil treatment site. We would like to thank Mr. DAI Huangbiao of Hunan Pengyuan-Hongda Mining Company for his help with sample collection.
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Cao, J., Xie, Cy. & Hou, Zr. Transport patterns and numerical simulation of heavy metal pollutants in soils of lead-zinc ore mines. J. Mt. Sci. 18, 2345–2356 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-021-6851-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-021-6851-y