Skip to main content
Log in

Developing a new conceptual framework for experience and value creation

  • Theoretical article
  • Published:
Service Business Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This article studies the concept of experience and examines its importance in value-creation processes, applying a longitudinal approach. It employs a research method based on developing sixteen propositions about experience and value. Four major contributions are made. First, the article provides a conciliatory conceptualisation to explain what experience is. Second, it identifies three concepts to understand the relationship between experience and value: potential source of value, inductor means and accumulation of value. Third, it distinguishes the role of experience in three value-creation processes: formation, transformation and co-creation. Fourth, it validates the temporal evolution of the conceptual framework.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akaka MA, Vargo SL, Schau HJ (2015) The context of experience. J Serv Manag 26(2):206–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alan AK, Kabaday ET, Yilmaz C (2016) Cognitive and affective constituents of the consumption experience in retail service settings: effects on store loyalty. Serv Bus 10:715–735

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnould E, Price L, Zinkhan G (2002) Consumers. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry LL, Carbone LP, Haeckel SH (2002) Managing the total customer experience. MIT Sloan Manag Rev 43(3):1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Binkhorst E, den Dekker T (2009) Agenda for co-creation tourism experience research. J Hosp Mark Manag 18(2–3):311–327

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolton RN, Drew JH (1991) A multistage model of customers’ assessments of service quality and value. J Consum Res 17(4):375–384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brakus JJ, Schmitt BH, Zarantonello L (2009) Brand experience: what is it? How is it measured? Does it affect loyalty? J Mark 73(3):52–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braun KA (1999) Post-experience advertising effects on consumer memory. J Consum Res 25(4):319–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braun-LaTour KA, Grinely MJ, Loftus EF (2006) Tourism memory distortion (Electronic version), Cornell University, School of Hotel Administration. http://scholarship.sha.cornell.edu/articles/320. Accessed 21 May 2018

  • Cadotte ER, Woodruff RB, Jenkins RL (1987) Expectations and norms in models of consumer satisfaction. J Mark Res 24:305–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calder BJ, Malthouse EC, Schaedel U (2009) Engagement with online media and advertising effectiveness. J Interact Mark 23(4):321–331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caru A, Cova B (2003) Revisiting consumption experience. A more humble but complete view of the concept. Mark Theory 3(1):267–286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chandler JD, Vargo SL (2011) Contextualization and value-in-context: how context frames exchange. Mark Theory 11(1):35–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang WL, Huang LY (2016) Measuring service experience: a utility-based heuristic model. Serv Bus 10:1–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeKeyser A, Lemon K, Klaus P, Keiningham TL (2015) A framework for understanding and managing the customer experience. In Marketing Science Institute working paper series 2015, report No. 15–121

  • Dewey J, Dubé L, LeBel JL (2003) The content and structure of laypeople’s concept of pleasure. Cognit Emot 17(2):263–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dhebar A (2013) Toward a compelling customer touchpoint architecture. Bus Horiz 56(2):199–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edvardsson B, Gustafsson A, Roos I (2005) Service portraits in service research: a critical review. Int J Serv Ind Manag 16(1):107–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edvardsson B, Tronvoll B, Gruber T (2011) Expanding understanding of service exchange and value co-creation: a social construction approach. J Acad Mark Sci 39(2):327–339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellway BP, Dean AM (2016) The reciprocal intertwining of practice and experience in value creation. Mark Theory 16(3):299–324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernández-Sabiote E, Roman S (2016) The multichannel customer’s service experience: building satisfaction and trust. Serv Bus 10:423–445

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson BL (2000) Extracting meaning from past affective experiences: the importance of peaks, ends, and specific emotions. Cognit Emot 14(4):577–606

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Füller J, Matzler K (2007) Virtual product experience and customer participation—a chance for customer-centred, really new products. Technovation 27(6):378–387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Füller J, Hutter K, Faullant R (2011) Why co-creation experience matters? Creative experience and its impact on the quantity and quality of creative contributions. R&D Manag 41(3):259–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gentile C, Spiller N, Noci G (2007) How to sustain the customer experience: an overview of experience components that co-create value with the customer. Eur Manag J 25(5):395–410

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilmore JH, Pine BJ (2002) Customer experience places: the new offering frontier. Strategy Leadersh 30(4):4–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grace D, O’Cass A (2004) Examining service experiences and post-consumption evaluations. J Serv Mark 18(6):450–461

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grönroos C (2008) Service logic revisited: who creates value? And who co-creates? Eur Bus Rev 20(4):298–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grönroos C (2011) Value co-creation in service logic: a critical analysis. Mark Theory 11(3):279–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grönroos C (2012) Conceptualising value co-creation: a journey to the 1970s and back to the future. J Mark Manag 28(13–14):1520–1534

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grönroos C (2015) Service management and marketing: managing the service profit logic. Wiley, Hoboken

    Google Scholar 

  • Grönroos C, Gummerus J (2014) The service revolution and its marketing implications: service logic versus service-dominant logic. Manag Serv Qual 24(3):206–229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grönroos C, Ravald A (2011) Service as business logic: implications for value creation and marketing. J Serv Manag 22(1):5–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grönroos C, Voima P (2013) Critical service logic: making sense of value creation and co-creation. J Acad Mark Sci 41(2):133–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gummerus J (2013) Value creation processes and value outcomes in marketing theory: strangers or siblings? Mark Theory 13(1):19–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gursoy D, McCleary KW (2004) An integrative model of tourists’ information search behavior. Ann Tour Res 31:353–373

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ha HY, Perks H (2005) Effects of consumer perceptions of brand experience on the web: brand familiarity, satisfaction and brand trust. J Consum Behav 4(6):438–452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hargreaves EA, Stych K (2013) Exploring the peak and end rule of past affective episodes within the exercise context. Psychol Sport Exerc 14(2):169–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heinonen K, Strandvik T, Mickelsson KJ, Edvardsson B, Sundström E, Andersson P (2010) A customer-dominant logic of service. J Serv Manag 21(4):531–548

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heinonen K, Strandvik T, Voima P (2013) Customer dominant value formation in service. Eur Bus Rev 25(2):104–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Helkkula A (2011) Characterizing the concept of service experience. J Serv Manag 22(3):367–389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Helkkula A, Kelleher C (2010) Circularity of customer service experience and customer perceived value. J Cust Behav 9(1):37–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Helkkula A, Kelleher C, Pihlström M (2012) Characterizing value as an experience, implications for service researchers and managers. J Serv Res 15(1):59–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holbrook MB (1994) The nature of customer value, an axiology of services in the consumption experience. Service quality. New Dir Theory Pract 21:21–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Holbrook MB (1999) Consumer value: a framework for analysis and research. Psychology Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Holbrook MB, Hirschman EC (1982) The experiential aspects of consumption: consumer fantasy, feelings and fun. J Consum Res 9(2):132–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Honea H, Horsky S (2012) The power of plain: intensifying product experience with neutral aesthetic context. Mark Lett 23(1):223–235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hosany S, Witham M (2010) Dimensions of cruisers’ experience, satisfaction, and intentions to recommend. J Travel Res 49(3):351–364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howell RT, Guevarra DA (2013) Buying happiness: differential consumption experiences for material and experiential purchases. In: Columbus AM (ed) Advances in psychology research. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, pp 57–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaakkola E, Helkkula A, Aarikka-Stenroos L (2015) Service experience co-creation: conceptualization, implications, and future research directions. J Serv Manag 26(2):182–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahneman D (2011) Thinking, fast and slow. Kindle Edition

  • Kahneman D, Fredrickson BL, Schreiber CA, Redelmeier DA (1993) When more pain is preferred to less. Adding a better end. Psychol Sci 4(6):401–405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karababa E, Kjeldgaard D (2014) Value in marketing. Toward sociocultural perspectives. Mark Theory 14(1):119–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kastenholz E, Carneiro MJ, Marques CP, Lima J (2012) Understanding and managing the rural tourism experience-The case of a historical village in Portugal. Tour Manag Perspect 4:207–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JH (2014) The antecedents of memorable tourism experiences: the development of a scale to measure the destination attributes associated with memorable experiences. Tour Manag 44:34–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JH, Ritchie JR, Tung VWS (2010) The effect of memorable experience on behavioral intentions in tourism, a structural equation modelling approach. Tour Anal 15(6):637–648

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klaus P, Maklan S (2013) Towards a better measure of customer experience. Int J Mark Res 55(2):227–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LaSalle D, Britton TA (2003) Priceless: turning ordinary products into extraordinary experiences. Harvard Business School Press, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • LaTour KA, Carbone LP (2014) Sticktion assessing memory for the customer experience. Cornel Hosp Q 55(4):342–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lemon K, Verhoef P (2016) Understanding customer experience throughout the customer journey. J Mark 80:69–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loftus EF, Pickrell JE (1995) The formation of false memories. Psychiatr Ann 25:720–725

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lowesntein G, Weber EU, Hsee CK, Welch N (2001) Risk as feelings. Psychol Bull 127(2):267–286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marketing Science Institute (MSI) (2016) 2016-2018 Research Priorities. www.msi.org/research/2016-2018-research-priorities/

  • Mei XY (2014) Boring and expensive, the challenge of developing experience-based tourism in the Inland region. Tour Manag Perspect 12:71–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell TR, Thompson L, Peterson E, Cronk R (1997) Temporal adjustments in the evaluation of events: the “rosy view”. J Exp Soc Psychol 33(4):421–448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan M, Elbe J, de Esteban Curiel J (2009) Has the experience economy arrived? The views of destination managers in three visitor-dependent areas. Int J Tour Res 11(2):201–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oh H, Fiore AM, Jeoung M (2007) Measuring experience economy concepts: tourism applications. J Travel Res 46(2):119–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliver RL (1977) Effect of expectation and disconfirmation on postexposure product evaluations: an alternative interpretation. J Appl Psychol 62(4):480–486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliver RL (1980) A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. J Mark Res 17(4):460–469

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer A (2010) Customer experience management: a critical review of an emerging idea. J Serv Mark 24(3):196–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parasuraman A, Zeithaml VA, Berry LL (1988) SERVQUAL: a multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality. J Retail 64(1):12–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Pine BJ, Gilmore JH (1998) Welcome to the experience economy. Harv Bus Rev 76:97–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Pine BJ, Gilmore JH (1999) The experience economy. Harvard Business School Press, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinker S (1997) How the mind works. Norton, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Prebensen NK, Foss L (2011) Coping and co-creating in tourist experiences. Int J Tour Res 13(1):54–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramaswamy V (2011) It’s about human experiences… and beyond, to co-creation. Ind Mark Manag 40(2):195–196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rego LL, Morgan NA, Fornell C (2013) Reexamining the market share-customer satisfaction relationship. J Mark 77(5):1–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romero D, Molina A (2011) Collaborative networked organisations and customer communities: value co-creation and co-innovation in the networking era. Prod Plan Control 22(5–6):447–472

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rose S, Clark M, Samouel P, Hair N (2012) Online customer experience in e-retailing, an empirical model of antecedents and outcomes. J Retail 88(2):308–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosembaum MS, Losada Otalora M, Ramírez GC (2017) How to create a realistic customer journey map. Bus Horiz 60(1):143–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sahin A, Zehir C, Kitapçı H (2011) The effects of brand experiences, trust and satisfaction on building brand loyalty, an empirical research on global brands. Proc-Soc Behav Sci 24:1288–1301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez-Fernández R, Iniesta-Bonillo MA (2007) The concept of perceived value: a systematic review of the research. Mark Theory 7(4):427–451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt B (1999) Experiential marketing. J Mark Manag 15(1–3):53–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schoefer K, Diamantopoulos A (2008) Measuring experienced emotions during service recovery encounters: construction and assessment of the ESRE scale. Serv Bus 2:65–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw G, Bailey A, Williams A (2011) Aspects of service-dominant logic and its implications for tourism management, examples from the hotel industry. Tour Manag 32(2):207–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherif M, Hovland CI (1961) Social judgment: assimilation and contrast effects in communication and attitude change. Yale University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Su CJ, Lebrun AM, Bouchet P, Wang JR, Lorgnier N, Yang JH (2016) Tourists’ participation and preference-related belief in co-creating value of experience: a nature-based perspective. Serv Bus 10:823–846

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teixeira JG, Patricio L, Huang K-H, Fisk RP, Nobrega L, Constantine L (2017) The MINDS method: integrating management and interaction design perspectives for service design. J Serv Res 20(3):240–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tse DK, Wilton PC (1988) Models of consumer satisfaction formation: an extension. J Mark Res 25:204–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tung VWS, Ritchie JB (2011) Exploring the essence of memorable tourism experiences. Ann Tour Res 38(4):1367–1386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tynan C, McKechnie S (2009) Experience marketing: a review and reassessment. J Mark Manag 25(5–6):501–517

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • vanHagen M, Bron P (2014) Enhancing the experience of the train journey, changing the focus from satisfaction to emotional experience of customers. Transp Res Procedia 1(1):253–263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vargo SL, Lusch RF (2008) Service-dominant logic: continuing the evolution. J Acad Mark Sci 36(1):1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vargo SL, Maglio PP, Akaka MA (2008) On value and value co-creation: a service systems and service logic perspective. Eur Manag J 26(3):145–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verhoef PC, Lemon KN, Parasuraman A, Roggeveen A, Tsiros M, Schlesinger LA (2009) Customer experience creation: determinants, dynamics and management strategies. J Retail 85(1):31–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Voima P, Heinonen K, Strandvik T (2010) Exploring customer value formation—a customer dominant logic perspective. In: Riihelä T, Mattila M (eds) Combi 2010 contemporary views on business: partnering for the future. Laurea publications, Vantaa, pp 113–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Wirtz D, Kruger J, Scollon CN, Diener E (2003) What to do on spring break? Predicting future choice based on online versus recalled affect. Psychol Sci 14:520–524

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yim CK, Chan KW, Lam SWS (2012) Do customers and employees enjoy service participation? Synergistic effects of self- and other-efficacy do customers and employees enjoy service participation? Synergistic effects of self- and other-efficacy. J Mark 76(6):121–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the financial support of the Government of Aragon and the European Social Fund (“GENERES” Group S-54) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER (project ECO2015-64567-R). They also appreciate the valuable comments and suggestions made by the editor and the reviewers throughout the review process.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Blanca Hernández-Ortega.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hernández-Ortega, B., Franco, J.L. Developing a new conceptual framework for experience and value creation. Serv Bus 13, 225–248 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-018-0379-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-018-0379-4

Keywords

Navigation