Abstract
Background
We compared tumor growth activity during treatment associating liver partition and portal vein occlusion for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) with that in classical 2-stage hepatectomy.
Methods
Short-term outcomes, serial changes in volume of the future liver remnant (FLR), and tumor growth activity during the treatment period were compared between 12 patients treated with ALPPS and 20 patients treated with 2-stage hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. This study was registered in UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (registration number, UMIN000018622).
Results
The FLR hypertrophy ratio at 1 week after the first operation was greater in the ALPPS group (1.43 ± 0.24) than the 2-stage group (1.21 ± 0.28, P = 0.043). The mean kinetic growth rate (mKGR) of tumors in the ALPPS group (0.548 ± 7.29 mL/day) did not differ significantly from that in the 2-stage group (−3.53 ± 7.02 mL/day) in the first week after the initial procedure (P = 0.210). However, mKGR between 1 and 3 weeks after the first procedure (1.29 ± 2.34 mL/day) was significantly greater than that in first week after the procedure in the 2-stage group (P = 0.034).
Conclusions
ALPPS induces a rapid FLR volume increase while avoiding remnant tumor progression.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adam R, Lauren A, Azoulay D, Castaing D, Bismuth H. Two-stage Hepatectomy: A Planned Strategy to Treat Irresectable Liver Tumors. Ann Surg 2000;232:777–785.
Kokudo N, Tada K, Seki M, Ohta H, Azekura K, Ueno M, Ohta K, Yamaguchi T, Matsubara T, Takahashi T, Nakajima T, Muto T, Ikari T, Yanagisawa A, Kato Y. Proliferative activity of intrahepatic colorectal metastases after preoperative hemihepatic portal vein embolization. Hepatology 2001;34:267–272.
Schnitzbauer AA, Lang SA, Goessmann H, Nadalin S, Baumgart J, Farkas SA, Fichtner-Feigl S, Lorf T, Goralcyk A, Hörbelt R, Kroemer A, Loss M, Rümmele P, Scherer MN, Padberg W, Königsrainer A, Lang H, Obed A, Schlitt HJ. Right Portal Vein Ligation Combined With In Situ Splitting Induces Rapid Left Lateral Liver Lobe Hypertrophy Enabling 2-Staged Extended Right Hepatic Resection in Small-for-Size Settings. Ann Surg 2012;255:405–414.
Santiba E, Alvarez FA, Ardiles V. How to Avoid Postoperative Liver Failure: A Novel Method. World J Surg 2012;36:125–128.
Alvarez FA, Iniesta J, Lastiri J, Ulla M, Bonadeo Lassalle F, de Santibañes E. New Method of Hepatic Regeneration. Cir Esp 2011;89:645–649.
Tanaka K, Matsuo K, Murakami T, Kawaguchi D, Hiroshima Y, Koda K, Endo I, Ichikawa Y, Taguri M, Tanabe M. Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS): short-term outcome, functional changes in the future liver remnant, and tumor growth activity. Eur J Surg Oncol 2015;41:506–512.
de Santibañes E, Clavien PA. Playing Play-Doh to prevent postoperative liver failure: the "ALPPS" approach. Ann Surg 2012;255:415–417.
Yamanaka N, Okamoto E, Oriyama T, Fujimoto J, Furukawa K, Kawamura E, Tanaka T, Tomoda F. A prediction scoring system to select the surgical treatment of liver cancer. Further refinement based on 10 years of use. Ann Surg. 1994;219:342–346.
Tanaka K, Kikuchi Y, Kawaguchi D, Murakami T, Hiroshima Y, Matsuo K. Modified ALPPS Procedures Avoiding Division of Portal Pedicles. Ann Surg 2017;265:14–20.
Terminology Committee of the International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association. The Brisbane 2000 Terminology of Liver Anatomy and Resection. HPB 2000;2:333–339.
Croome KP, Hernandez-Alejandro R, Parker M, Heimbach J, Rosen C, Nagorney DM. Is the liver kinetic growth rate in ALPPS unprecedented when compared with PVE and living donor liver transplant? A multicentre analysis. HPB 2015;17:477–484.
Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA. Classification of Surgical Complications: A New Proposal With Evaluation in a Cohort of 6336 Patients and Results of a Survey. Ann Surg 2004;240:205–213.
Rahbari NN, Garden OJ, Padbury R, Brooke-Smith M, Crawford M, Adam R, Koch M, Makuuchi M, Dematteo RP, Christophi C, Banting S, Usatoff V, Nagino M, Maddern G, Hugh TJ, Vauthey JN, Greig P, Rees M, Yokoyama Y, Fan ST, Nimura Y, Figueras J, Capussotti L, Büchler MW, Weitz J. Posthepatectomy liver failure: A definition and grading by the International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS). Surgery 2011;149:713–724.
Shindoh J, Vauthey J, Zimmitti G, Curley SA, Huang SY, Mahvash A, Gupta S, Wallace MJ, Aloia TA. Analysis of the Efficacy of Portal Vein Embolization for Patients with Extensive Liver Malignancy and Very Low Future Liver Remnant Volume, Including a Comparison with the Associating Liver Partition with Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy Approach. J Am Coll Surg 2013;217:126–133.
Jiang W, Hiscox S, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T. Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor, its molecular, cellular and clinical implications in cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 1999;29:209–248.
Lukomska B, Dluzniewska J, Polanski J, Zajac L. Expression of growth factors in colorectal carcinoma liver metastatic patients after partial hepatectomy: implications for a functional role in cell proliferation during liver regeneration. Comp Hepatol 2004;3:S52.
Yoon SS, Kim SH, Gonen M, Heffernan NM, Detwiller KY, Jarnagin WR, D'Angelica M, Blumgart LH, Tanabe KK, Dematteo RP. Profile of plasma angiogenic factors before and after hepatectomy for colorectal cancer liver metastases. Ann Surg Oncol 2006;13:353–362.
Aloia TA, Vauthey JN. Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS): what is gained and what is lost? Ann Surg 2012;256:e9.
Graaf W, Esschert JW, Lienden KP, van Gulik TM. Induction of Tumor Growth After Preoperative Portal Vein Embolization: Is it a Real Problem? Ann Surg Oncol 2009;16:423–430.
Hoekstra L, Lienden K, Verheij J, van der Loos CM, Heger M, van Gulik TM. Enhanced tumor growth after portal vein embolization in a rabbit tumor model. J Surg Res 2013;180:89–96.
Oldhafer KJ, Donati M, Jenner RM, Stang A, Stavrou GA. ALPPS for Patients With Colorectal Liver Metastases: Effective Liver Hypertrophy, but Early Tumor Recurrence. World J Surg 2014;38:1504–1509.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Yutaro Kikuchi: meet all 4 criteria of guidelines of ICMJE, Yukihiko Hiroshima; meet all 4 criteria of guidelines of ICMJE, Kenichi Matsuo; meet all 4 criteria of guidelines of ICMJE, Takashi Murakami; meet all 4 criteria of guidelines of ICMJE, Daisuke Kawaguchi; meet all 4 criteria of guidelines of ICMJE, Kazuto Yamazaki; meet all 4 criteria of guidelines of ICMJE, Yasuo Ishida; meet all 4 criteria of guidelines of ICMJE, Itaru Endo; meet all 4 criteria of guidelines of ICMJE, Kuniya Tanaka; meet all 4 criteria of guidelines of ICMJE.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Grant support for the research reported
There were no grant support about our study.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kikuchi, Y., Hiroshima, Y., Matsuo, K. et al. Remnant Liver Tumor Growth Activity During Treatment Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Occlusion for Staged Hepatectomy (ALPPS). J Gastrointest Surg 21, 1851–1858 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-017-3523-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-017-3523-x