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GPS velocities and uniform slip rates across Siulak and Dikit segments: implication to segmentation and seismic moment deficits along Sumatran fault system

  • Research Article - Solid Earth Sciences
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Abstract

The Siulak and Dikit segments of the Sumatran fault system, where historical major earthquakes of Ms 7.6 in 1909, Mw 7.2 in 1995 and Mw 6.6 in 2009 occurred, are distinctive and tectonically active, yet tectonic investigation such trench-parallel motions of both segments still is challenging to be better understand and important to constrain seismic hazard. We aim to better estimate slip rates as well as locking depths using GPS velocities and determine the cumulative energy stored at the segments. We processed raw GPS data from 31 GPS stations originating from the Indonesian continuous operating reference system (Ina-CORS), the Sumatran GPS array (SuGAr), and IGS networks for 2016–2021 including UNIB stations including two UNIB stations using GAMIT/GLOBK software. The daily GPS solutions were constrained into the ITRF-2014 frame, and the GPS velocities were translated into the Sunda Block. We modeled trench-parallel GPS velocities using 1-D screw dislocation elastic model following a Bayesian approach with Metropolis MCMC sampler to estimate optimum fault parameters. Our result inferred that estimated slip rates are 20.71 [− 2.20, + 2.95] mm/yr with a locking depth of 21.62 [− 11.98, + 14.16] km in the Siulak segment and 20.21 [− 2.42, + 2.95] mm/yr with a locking depth of 21.72 [− 13.10, + 14.77] km in the Dikit segment. Our analysis demonstrates both segments having a uniform slip rate, suggesting that the segments may share similar tectonic settings. In addition, the two segments are capable of generating a magnitude six to seven or greater earthquake if a single earthquake occurs in 50 to 200 years periods.

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Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG), Scripts Orbit and Permanent Array Center (SOPAC), and Earth Observatory Singapore (EOS) for collecting GPS data (ftp://ftp.earthobservatory.sg/SugarData). The BNTL and IPUH stations were established through Demand Driven Research Grant (DDRG), COREMAP-CTI, No.B-1191/IPK.2/KS.02/III/2018, and GPS receivers from USAID-PEER project with agreement No. 2000006274. We thank Rio Sahputra for helping with GPS data acquisition from BNTL and IPUH stations. The author also thanks Geohazards and Climate Change Laboratory at University of Bengkulu for providing a computer with GAMIT/GLOBK software from Herring et al. (2015) and Generic Mapping Tool software Wessel et al. (2019). This work was supported by the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia, with Grant No. 124.01.1.690501/2022 and 373/II/FR/3/2022. In addition, A.M.L and A.T were supported by the Research Mobility Program from Human Resources of Science and Technology BRIN.

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  1. Agnis Triahadini

    Present address: Department of Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Civil Planning and Geo Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bengkulu, Bengkulu, Indonesia

    Ashar Muda Lubis & Indah Dwi Natasya

  2. Research Center for Geological Disaster, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, Indonesia

    Lina Handayani & Agnis Triahadini

  3. Research Center for Geological Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, Indonesia

    Muhammad Maruf Mukti

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Contributions

Conceptualization was contributed to [Ashar Muda Lubis, Lina Handayani, Muhammad Maruf Mukti]; methodology was contributed to [Ashar Muda Lubis, Indah Dwi Natasya]; formal analysis and investigation were contributed to [Ashar Muda Lubis, Agnis Triahadini, Muhammad Maruf Mukti]; writing—original draft preparation, was contributed to [Ashar Muda Lubis, Lina Handayani, Indah Dwi Natasya, Agnis Triahadini]; writing—review and editing, was contributed to [Ashar Muda Lubis, Agnis Triahadini, Muhammad Maruf Mukti]; funding acquisition was contributed to [Lina Handayani]; resources was contributed to [Muhammad Maruf Mukti, Lina Handayani, Indah Dwi Natasya]; supervision was contributed to [Lina Handayani, Ashar Muda Lubis].

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Correspondence to Ashar Muda Lubis.

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Lubis, A.M., Natasya, I.D., Handayani, L. et al. GPS velocities and uniform slip rates across Siulak and Dikit segments: implication to segmentation and seismic moment deficits along Sumatran fault system. Acta Geophys. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11600-024-01326-2

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