Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Synthesis of PANI and its application in LiFePO4 cathode material

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Ionics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized by adsorption double oxidizer method, and then reduced with N2H4·H2O (r-PANI), doped with HClO4 (d-PANI). PANI with different states was combined with lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) in water-based slurry to form PANI/LFP composites. Some physical characterization methods (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, scanning electron microscope) were used to analyze the morphology and structure of the composites. The electrochemical properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and rate capability. The specific capacity of the r-PANI/LFP composite reached 154 mAh/g, which was 4.1% higher than that of pure LFP, and the coulombic efficiency of the battery was close to 100%. Under the higher discharge rate conditions, the r-PANI/LFP composite still released a good reversible capacity. Moreover, the cyclability and rate capability of the r-PANI/LFP composites are better than that of pure LFP.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Padhi AK, Goodenough JB, Nanjundaswamy KS (1997) Phospho-olivines as positive-electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. J Electrochem Soc 144:1188–1194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Arnold G, Garche J, Hemmer R, Ströbele S, Vogler C, Wohlfahrt-Mehrens M (2003) Fine particle lithium iron phosphate LiFePO4, synthesized by a new low-cost aqueous precipitation technique. J Power Sources 119:247–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Vu A, Stein A (2011) Multiconstituent synthesis of LiFePO4/C composites with hierarchical porosity as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. Chem Mater 23:3237–3245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Li CC, Chen CA, Chen MF (2017) Gelation mechanism of organic additives with LiFePO4, in the water-based cathode slurries. Ceram Int 43:765–770

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ozawa K (1994) Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries with LiCoO2, and carbon electrodes: the LiCoO2/C system. Solid State Ionics 69:212–221

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Armstrong AR, Bruce PG (1996) Synthesis of layered LiMnO2 as an electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries. Nature 27:499–500

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ohzuku T, Ueda A, Nagayama M (1993) Electrochemistry and structural chemistry of LiNiO2 (R3̅m) for 4 volt secondary lithium cells. J Electrochem Soc 140:1862–1870

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Yi TF, Li XY, Liu H, Shu J, Zhu YR, Zhu RS (2012) Recent developments in the doping and surface modification of LiFePO4, as cathode material for power lithium ion battery. Ionics 18:529–539

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Iltchev N, Chen Y, Okada S, Yamaki J (2003) LiFePO4, storage at room and elevated temperatures. J Power Sources 119–121:749–754

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Islam MS, Driscoll DJ, Fisher CAJ, Slater PR (2005) Atomic-scale investigation of defects, dopants, and lithium transport in the LiFePO4 olivine-type battery material. Chem Mater 17:5085–5092

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Shin HC, Chung KY, Min WS, Byun DJ, Jang H, Cho BW (2008) asymmetry between charge and discharge during high rate cycling in LiFePO4, in situ X-ray diffraction study. Electrochem Commun 10:536–540

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Wang H, Zhao N, Shi C, Ma L, He F, He C, Li J, Liu E (2017) Effect of interfacial lithium insertion on the stability and electronic structure of graphene/LiFePO4. Electrochim Acta 247:1030–1037

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Chen M, Kou K, Tu M, Hu J, Du X, Yang B (2017) Conducting reduced graphene oxide wrapped LiFePO4/C nanocrystal as cathode material for high-rate lithium secondary batteries. Solid State Ionics 310:95–99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Chung SY, Blocking JT, Andersson AS, Chiang YM (2002) Electronically conductive phospho-olivines as lithium storage electrodes. Nature Mater 1:123–128

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Gao L, Xu Z, Zhang S, Xu J, Tang K (2017) Enhanced electrochemical properties of LiFePO4 cathode materials by Co and Zr multi-doping. Solid State Ionics 305:52–56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Kang SH, Kim BR, Kim C, Park TJ, Son JT (2014) Electrochemical and morphologic studies of spherical LiFePO4/nanostructured LiFePO4, fibers composite by solid-state blending. Ceram Int 41:1963–1969

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Eftekhari A (2017) LiFePO4/C Nanocomposites for lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 343:395–411

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Huang YH, Park KS, Goodenough JB (2006) Improving lithium batteries by tethering carbon-coated LiFePO4 to polypyrrole. J Electrochem Soc 153:A2282–A2286

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Huang YH, Goodenough JB (2008) High-rate LiFePO4 lithium rechargeable battery promoted by electrochemically active polymers. Chem Mater 20:7237–7241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Epstein AJ, Ginder JM, Zuo F, Bigelow RW, Woo H-S, Tanner DB, Richter AF, Huang W-S, MacDiarmid AG (1987) Insulator-to-metal transition in polyaniline. Synth Met 18:303–309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Wang R, Han M, Zhao Q, Ren Z, Guo X, Xu C, Hu N, Lu L (2017) Hydrothermal synthesis of nanostructured graphene/polyaniline composites as high-capacitance electrode materials for supercapacitors. Sci Rep 7:44562

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Zhang LL, Zhao S, Tian XN, Zhao XS (2010) Layered graphene oxide nanostructures with sandwiched conducting polymers as supercapacitor electrodes. Langmuir the Acs Journal of Surfaces & Colloids 26:17624–17628

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Singu BS, Male U, Srinivasan P, Yoon KR (2017) Preparation and performance of polyaniline–multiwall carbon nanotubes–titanium dioxide ternary composite electrode material for supercapacitors. J Ind Eng Chem 49:82–87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Ryu KS, Kim KM, Kang SG, Joo J, Chang SH (2000) Comparison of lithium/polyaniline secondary batteries with different dopants of HCl and lithium ionic salts. J Power Sources 88:197–201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Liu P, Han JJ, Jiang LF, Li ZY, Cheng JN (2017) Polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite with core-shell structures as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium-polymer cells. Appl Surf Sci 400:446–452

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Chen WM, Long Q, Yuan LX, Xia SA, Hu XL, Zhang WX, Hung YH (2011) Insight into the improvement of rate capability and cyclability in LiFePO4/polyaniline composite cathode. Electrochim Acta 56:2689–2695

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Chen WM, Huang YH, Yuan LX (2011) Self-assembly LiFePO4/polyaniline composite cathode materials with inorganic acids as dopants for lithium-ion batteries. J Electroanal Chem 660:108–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Ait SA, Jozwiak P, Zaghib K, Garbarczyk J, Gendron F, Mauger A, Julien CM (2006) FTIR Features of lithium-iron phosphates as electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 65:1007–1013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Ryu KS, Kim KM, Kang SG, Lee GJ, Joo J, Chang SH (2000) The charge/discharge mechanism of polyaniline films doped with LiBF4 as a polymer electrode in a Li secondary battery. Solid State Ionics 135:229–234

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ryu KS, Kim KM, Kang SG, Lee GJ, Joo J, Chang SH (2000) Electrochemical and physical characterization of lithium ionic salt doped polyaniline as a polymer electrode of lithium secondary battery. Synth Met 110:213–217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful for the support provided by School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209, China

    Jia-Jun Han, Ao-Ran Guo & Yan-Fang Wang

Authors
  1. Jia-Jun Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ao-Ran Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yan-Fang Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jia-Jun Han.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Han, JJ., Guo, AR. & Wang, YF. Synthesis of PANI and its application in LiFePO4 cathode material. Ionics 28, 1073–1080 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-021-04414-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-021-04414-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation