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Recent advances of overcharge investigation of lithium-ion batteries

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Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in the power-driven system and energy storage system, while overcharge safety for high-capacity and high-power lithium-ion batteries has been constantly concerned all over the world due to the thermal runaway problems by overcharge occurred in recent years. Therefore, it is very important to study the thermal runaway mechanism and improve the safety of the battery during overcharge. In this work, depending on the external appearance, voltage, and temperature changes, the whole overcharge to TR process was divided into 5 stages. By analyzing the side reactions in five stages, the mechanism of heat production during overcharge is summarized, and the order of heat generation is QCa+An > Qanode > Qelectrolyte > Qcathode > QSEI > QISC. Key factors for battery overcharge safety, such as cathode materials, electrolyte safety, and charging current are concluded in this review. Compared to external protection devices (such as BMS, OSD, CID), the internal protection of overcharge additives are more effective. A complex polymer with aromatic functional groups, epoxy or propionate, will become a hot spot in the research of overcharge additives for lithium-ion batteries. This review is expected to offer effective overcharge safety strategies and promote the development of lithium-ion battery with high-energy density.

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Abbreviations

VO :

The initial value of voltage (V)

Vip :

Voltage value of inflection point of voltage profile (V)

Vp :

Voltage value of voltage plateau (V)

Vcr :

The crest voltage of voltage curve (V)

TO :

Ambient temperature (℃)

TA :

The temperature of the Vip

TB :

The temperature of the Vp

TONSET :

The onset temperature of TR and the start temperature of stage V

Tmax:

The maximum surface temperature of the cell during thermal runaway

Q:

The total heat

Qside :

The side reaction energy

Qchem :

The heat from the released chemical energy

Qele :

The released electrical energy

Qp :

The heat dissipation

Qrev :

The reversible entropy heat

Qohm:

Joule heat

LTO:

Li4Ti5O12 cathode materials

LCO:

LiCoO2 cathode materials

NCA:

LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode materials

LFP:

LiFePO4 cathode materials

NCM111:

Li(NiCoMn)1/3O2 cathode materials

MCMB:

Artificial graphite

MAG10:

Artificial graphite

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This work was funded by Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department (No. ZD2020327).

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    Yuhong Chen

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Chen, Y. Recent advances of overcharge investigation of lithium-ion batteries. Ionics 28, 495–514 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-021-04331-3

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