Abstract
Spinel structured Li4Ti5O12 was synthesized by a solid-state method using TiO2 and Li2CO3 as starting materials. High-energy ball milling was used to obtain the Li2CO3 samples with different particle size. Then, the effects of Li2CO3 particle size on the structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12 samples were investigated in detail. The samples were characterized by TG/DTA analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical tests, respectively. The results indicate that fine Li2CO3 particles will promote the interfacial reaction between Li2CO3 and TiO2 in solid-state reaction. The crystallinity and particle size of Li4Ti5O12 depend on the particle size of Li2CO3. Electrochemical tests show that Li4Ti5O12 samples synthesized by fine Li2CO3 particles exhibit better rate capacity and cycle performance.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Shu J, Shui M, Xu D, Gao S, Yi TF, Wang DJ, Li X, Ren YL (2011) Ionics 17:503
Zheng XD, Dong CC, Huang B, Lu M (2013) Ionics 19:385
Guo XF, Wang CY, Chen MM, Wang JZ, Zheng JM (2012) J Power Sources 214:107–112
Lin YS, Tsai MC, Duh JG (2012) J Power Sources 214:314–318
Yuan T, Cai R, Shao ZP (2011) J Phys Chem C 115:4943–4952
Hsieh CT, Lin JY (2010) J Alloys Compd 506:231–236
Yuan T, Cai R, Ran R, Zhou YK, Shao ZP (2010) J Alloys Compd 505:367–373
Shin JW, Hong CH, Yoon DH (2012) J Am Ceram Soc 95:1894
Abe Y, Matsui E, Senna M (2007) J Phys Chem Solids 68:681–686
Ning F, He YB, Li BH, Du HD, Zhai DY, Kang FY (2012) J Alloys Compd 513:525
Hong CH, Noviyanto A, Ryu JH, Kim J, Yoon DH (2012) Ceram Int 38:301
Liu W, Zhang J, Wang Q, Xie XH, Lou YW, Han XW, Xia BJ (2013) Powder Technol 247:204–210
Buscaglia MT, Bassoli M, Buscaglia V (2008) J Am Ceram Soc 91:2862–2869
Hsiang HI, Chang YL, Fang JS, Yen FS (2011) J Alloys Compd 509:7632–7638
Ryu SS, Yoon DH (2007) J Mater Sci 42:7093
Shin JW, Ryu JH, Jeong J, Yoon DH (2012) J Electroceram 28:179
Han SW, Shin JW, Yoon DH (2012) Ceram Int 38:6963–6968
Qiao Y, Hu XL, Liu Y, Huang YH (2012) Electrochim Acta 63:118–123
Shi Y, Wen L, Li F, Cheng HM (2011) J Power Sources 196:8610–8617
Chen JZ, Yang L, Fang SH, Hirano S, Tachibana K (2012) J Power Sources 200:65
Wu FX, Wang ZX, Li XH, Guo HJ, Yue P, Xiong XH, He ZJ, Zhang Q (2012) Electrochim Acta 78:331–339
Yuan T, Cai R, Wang K, Ran R, Liu S, Shao ZP (2009) Ceram Int 35:1757–1768
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No. 21373257). This work was also supported by the Nano Technology Projects (No. 11 nm0500500), Key Basic Research Programs (No. 11JC1414600) and Key Scientific and Technological Projects (No. 11dz1202900) of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, W., Zhang, J., Wang, Q. et al. The effects of Li2CO3 particle size on the properties of lithium titanate as anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Ionics 20, 1553–1560 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-014-1126-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-014-1126-z