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Perofascia is not monotypic: the description of the second taxon affecting the South American crop maca (Lepidium meyenii)

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Abstract

Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is an Andean crop of narrow distribution, but because of the nutritional and health value, its cultivation area is rapidly expanding. By a broad-spectrum resistance mechanism against various pathogens, just a few diseases have been reported on maca, among which downy mildew is a potential threat to its cultivation. The occurrence of this disease was, so far, restricted to the native area of maca. However, here we report that it was recently introduced into South Korea. As the causal pathogen has initially been attributed to Hyaloperonospora parasitica (syn. Peronospora parasitica), which was thought to affect various Brassicaceae, but is, in fact, restricted to Capsella bursa-pastoris, the identity of this pathogen remains uncertain. In this study, morphological and phylogenetic data revealed that maca downy mildew is unrelated to any species of Hyaloperonospora and instead belongs to the previously monotypic genus Perofascia. It differs markedly from the type species, Perofascia lepidii, and consequently Perofascia macaicola sp. nov. is described and illustrated here. Considering the quick expansion of cultivated land with maca, quarantine measures for this pathogen might be appropriate for hindering the spread of the disease through the international trade of maca.

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Acknowledgments

YJC was supported by a fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (no. 2016R1C1B2008013). IYC was supported by the Cooperative Research Program for Agricultural Science & Technology Development (project no. PJ0124192017) of the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. MT is supported by the LOEWE excellence initiative of the government of Hessen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea

    Young-Joon Choi

  2. Faculty of Biosciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Young-Joon Choi & Marco Thines

  3. Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Young-Joon Choi & Marco Thines

  4. Integrative Fungal Research Cluster (IPF), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14–16, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Marco Thines

  5. Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services (JBARES), Iksan, 54591, South Korea

    In-Young Choi

  6. Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea

    Hyeon-Dong Shin

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  1. Young-Joon Choi
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  2. Marco Thines
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Correspondence to Young-Joon Choi or Hyeon-Dong Shin.

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Choi, YJ., Thines, M., Choi, IY. et al. Perofascia is not monotypic: the description of the second taxon affecting the South American crop maca (Lepidium meyenii). Mycol Progress 16, 857–864 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-017-1320-2

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