Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Bacterial disinfection and cell assessment post ultraviolet-C LED exposure for wound treatment

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ultraviolet-C sourced LED (UVC-LED) has been widely used for disinfection purposes due to its germicidal spectrum. In this study, the efficiencies of UVC-LED for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) disinfections were investigated at three exposure distances (1, 1.5, and 2 cm) and two exposure times (30 and 60 s). The respective bacterial inhibition zones were measured, followed by a morphological analysis under SEM. The viabilities of human skin fibroblast cells were further evaluated under the treatment of UVC-LED with the adoption of aforesaid exposure parameters. The inhibition zones were increased with the increment of exposure distances and times. The highest records of 5.40 ± 0.10 cm P. aeruginosa inhibition and 5.43 ± 0.11 cm S. aureus inhibition were observed at the UVC-LED distance of 2 cm and 60-s exposure. Bacterial physical damage with debris formation and reduction in size were visualized following the UVC-LED exposures. The cell viability percentages were in a range of 75.20–99.00% and 82–100.00% for the 30- and 60-s exposures, respectively. Thus, UVC-LED with 275-nm wavelength is capable in providing bacterial disinfection while maintaining accountable cell viability which is suitable to be adopted in wound treatment.

Graphical abstract

Bacterial disinfection and human skin fibroblast cell assessment using UVC-LED

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bowler P, Duerden B, Armstrong D (2001) Wound microbiology and associated approaches to wound management. Clin Microbiol Rev 14:244–269. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.14.2.244-269.2001

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Han J, Sullivan N, Leas B, Pegues D, Kaczmarek J, Umscheid C (2015) Cleaning hospital room surfaces to prevent health care–associated infections. Ann Intern Med 163(8):598. https://doi.org/10.7326/m15-1192

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Bhatta D, Hamal D, Shrestha R, Hosuru Subramanya S, Baral N, Singh R et al (2018) Bacterial contamination of frequently touched objects in a tertiary care hospital of Pokhara, Nepal: how safe are our hands? Antimicrob Resist In 7(1):97. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-018-0385-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Kramer A, Schwebke I, Kampf G (2006) How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review. BMC Infect Dis 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-6-130

  5. AF. M, H. R (2019) Hospital acquired infections. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Russotto V, Cortegiani A, Raineri SM, Giarratano A (2015) Bacterial contamination of inanimate surfaces and equipment in the intensive care unit. J Intensive Care Med 3:54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40560-015-0120-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Gostine A, Gostine D, Donohue C, Carlstrom L (2016) Evaluating the effectiveness of ultraviolet-C lamps for reducing keyboard contamination in the intensive care unit: a longitudinal analysis. Am J Infect Control 44(10):1089–1094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2016.06.012

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Omar A, Wright J, Schultz G, Burrell R, Nadworny P (2017) Microbial biofilms and chronic wounds. Microorganisms 5(1):9. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms5010009

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Sussman C, Bates-Jensen B (2001) Wound care. Aspen Publishers, Gaithersburg, Md.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Frykberg RG, Banks J (2015) Challenges in the treatment of chronic wounds. Adv Wound Care 4(9):560–582. https://doi.org/10.1089/wound.2015.0635

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Demidova-Rice TN, Hamblin MR, Herman IM (2012) Acute and impaired wound healing: pathophysiology and current methods for drug delivery, part 1: normal and chronic wounds: biology, causes, and approaches to care. Adv Skin Wound Care 25(7):304–314. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASW.0000416006.55218.d0

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Kadam S, Shai S, Shahane A, Kaushik KS (2019) Recent advances in non-conventional antimicrobial approaches for chronic wound biofilms: have we found the ‘chink in the armor’? Biomedicines 7(2):35. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines7020035

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Otter J, Yezli S, Salkeld J, French G (2013) Evidence that contaminated surfaces contribute to the transmission of hospital pathogens and an overview of strategies to address contaminated surfaces in hospital settings. Am J Infect Control 41(5):S6–S11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2012.12.004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Nyangaresi PO, Qin Y, Chen G, Zhang B, Lu Y, Shen L (2018) Effects of single and combined UV-LEDs on inactivation and subsequent reactivation of E. coli in water disinfection. Water Res 147:331–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.014

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Song K, Taghipour F, Mohseni M (2019) Microorganisms inactivation by wavelength combinations of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs). Sci Total Environ 665:1103–1110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.041

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Gurzadyan GG, Gorner H, Schulte-Frohlinde D (1995) Ultraviolet (193, 216 and 254 nm) photoinactivation of Escherichia coli strains with different repair deficiencies. Radiat Res 141(3):244–251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Malik S, Swee T, Malek N, Abdul Kadir M, Emoto T, Akutagawa M et al (2017) Comparison of standard light-emitting diode (LED) and 385 nm ultraviolet A LED (UVA-LED) for disinfection of Escherichia coli. Malay J Fundam Appl Sci 13(4-2):430–437. https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v13n4-2.758

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Mohd Daud N, Hussein Al-Ashwal R, Abdul Kadir M, Saidin S (2018) Polydopamine-assisted chlorhexidine immobilization on medical grade stainless steel 316L: apatite formation and in vitro osteoblastic evaluation. Ann Anat 220:29–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2018.06.009

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Bentancor M, Vidal S (2018) Programmable and low-cost ultraviolet room disinfection device. HardwareX 4:e00046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohx.2018.e00046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Yang J-H, Wu U-I, Tai H-M, Sheng W-H (2019) Effectiveness of an ultraviolet-C disinfection system for reduction of healthcare-associated pathogens, Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. Pages 487-493, ISSN 1684-1182:487–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2017.08.017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Mediland Enterprise Corporation. Retrieved July 20, 2017, from http://www.mediland.com.tw/disinfection/en/frmTestReport.aspx.

  22. Boyce JM, Farrel PA, Towle D, Fekieta R, Aniskiewicz M (2016) Impact of room location on UV-C irradiance and UV-C dosage and antimicrobial effect delivered by a mobile UV-C light device. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, Available on CJO. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.35

  23. Williams P, Eichstadt S, Kokjohn T, Martin E (2007) Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the Gram-positive marine bacterium Microbacterium maritypicum. Curr Microbiol 55(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-006-0349-2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Park B, Lee D, Park J, Lee I, Lee K, Hyun S et al (2003) Sterilization using a microwave-induced argon plasma system at atmospheric pressure. Phys Plasmas 10(11):4539–4544. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1613655

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Weinberg A, Zhang L, Brown D, Erice A, Polsky B, Hirsch M et al (2000) Viability and functional activity of cryopreserved mononuclear cells. Clin Vaccine Immunol 7(4):714–716. https://doi.org/10.1128/cdli.7.4.714-716.2000

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Mohd Daud N, Saeful Bahri I, Nik Malek N, Hermawan H, Saidin S (2016) Immobilization of antibacterial chlorhexidine on stainless steel using crosslinking polydopamine film: towards infection resistant medical devices. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 145:130–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.04.046

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The study was supported by the Fundemental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) grant (FRGS/1/2020/TK0/UTM/02/105, Vot No. 5F282) from the Ministry of Education Malaysia.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    Jahanzeb Sheikh, Tan Tian Swee, Syafiqah Saidin, Azli Bin Yahya, Sameen Ahmed Malik, Joyce Sia Sin Yin & Matthias Tiong Foh Thye

  2. IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Institute of Human Centered Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    Syafiqah Saidin

Authors
  1. Jahanzeb Sheikh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tan Tian Swee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Syafiqah Saidin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Azli Bin Yahya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sameen Ahmed Malik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Joyce Sia Sin Yin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Matthias Tiong Foh Thye
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tan Tian Swee.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

Not required.

Competing interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

All authors meet the ICJME Authorship criteria. All authors have seen and approved the manuscript and contributed significantly to the work.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sheikh, J., Swee, T.T., Saidin, S. et al. Bacterial disinfection and cell assessment post ultraviolet-C LED exposure for wound treatment. Med Biol Eng Comput 59, 1055–1063 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-021-02360-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-021-02360-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation