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Distributed MEMS Sensors Using Plasmonic Antenna Array Embedded Sagnac Interferometer

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Abstract

A micro Sagnac interferometer is proposed for electron cloud distributed sensors formed by an integrated (micro-electro-mechanical systems) MEMS resonator structure. The Sagnac interferometer consists of four microring probes integrated into a Sagnac loop. Each of the microring probes is embedded with the silver bars to form the plasmonic wave oscillation. The polarized light of 1.50 µm wavelength is input into the interferometer, which is polarized randomly into upstream and downstream directions. The polarization outputs can be controlled by the space–time input at the Sagnac port. Electrons are trapped and oscillated by the whispering gallery modes (WGMs), where the plasmonic antennas are established and applied for wireless fidelity (WiFi) and light fidelity (LiFi) sensing probes, respectively. Four antenna gains are 2.59 dB, 0.93 dB, 1.75 dB, and 1.16 dB, respectively. In manipulation, the sensing probe electron densities are changed by input source power variation. When the electron cloud is excited by the microscopic medium, the change in electron density is obtained and reflected to the required parameters. Such a system is a novel device that can be applied for brain-device interfering with the dual-mode sensing probes. The obtained WGM sensors are 1.35 µm−2, 0.90 µm−2, 0.97 µm−2, and 0.81 µm−2, respectively. The WGMs behave as a four-point probe for the electron cloud distributed sensors, where the electron cloud sensitivities of 2.31 prads−1mm3 (electrons)−1, 2.27 prads−1mm3 (electrons)−1, 2.22 prads−1mm3(electrons)−1, and 2.38 prads−1mm3(electrons)−1 are obtained, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the research facilities from Ton Duc Thang University, Vietnam.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India

    Anita Garhwal

  2. Computational Optics Research Group, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Arumona Edward Arumona

  3. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Arumona Edward Arumona

  4. Division of Computational Physics, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Arumona Edward Arumona

  5. Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Industry and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Sakon Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47160, Thailand

    Phichai Youplao

  6. Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India

    Kanad Ray

  7. Facultad de Ciencias Fisico-Matematicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Col. San Manuel Ciudad Universitaria, Av. San Claudio y Av. 18 sur, Puebla Pue. 72570, Mexico

    Kanad Ray

  8. Faubert Lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H3T 1P1, Canada

    Kanad Ray

  9. Department of Electrical Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Institute of Vocational Education, Northeastern 2, Sakonnakhon, 47000, Thailand

    Preecha Yupapin

Authors
  1. Anita Garhwal
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  2. Arumona Edward Arumona
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  3. Phichai Youplao
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  4. Kanad Ray
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  5. Preecha Yupapin
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Contributions

Aanita Garhwal: simulation, analysis, writing original draft. Arumona Edward Arumona: Matlab results improvement, review and discussion. Phichai Youplao: validation, comparing Optiwave and Matlab results, visualization, and discussion. Kanad Ray: modeling, analysis, discussion, final editing. Preecha Yupapin: conceptualization, supervision, review, editing and submission. All authors have read through the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Phichai Youplao or Kanad Ray.

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Garhwal, A., Arumona, A.E., Youplao, P. et al. Distributed MEMS Sensors Using Plasmonic Antenna Array Embedded Sagnac Interferometer. Plasmonics 17, 1119–1127 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-021-01577-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-021-01577-5

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