Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Dual-Channel and Dual-Core Plasmonic Sensor–Based Photonic Crystal Fiber for Refractive Index Sensing

  • Published:
Plasmonics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A dual-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with dual-channel-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is designed. The silver and gold films are severally coated in the inner walls of two large ring detection channels to excite the plasmon modes, which can make the designed sensor achieve the dual-channel sensing. The effect of structure parameters on the sensing properties and loss spectrum is numerically analyzed by finite element method (FEM). When the analyte refractive index (RI) changes from 1.340 to 1.360, the average spectral sensitivities of 4280 and 3940 nm/RIU are obtained for the left and right channels, corresponding to the RI resolutions of 2.34 × 10−5 and 2.54 × 10−5 RIU, respectively. The simulation results suggest that the designed dual-channel sensor can realize highly sensitive detection of two analytes simultaneously, which has a wide application in the fields of biomedical analysis and environmental monitoring.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of Data and Materials

All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the submitted manuscript.

References

  1. Matsubara K, Kawata S, Minami S (1988) Optical chemical sensor based on surface plasmon measuremen. Appl Opt 27(6):1160–1163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. An GW, Li SG, Qin W, Zhang W, Fan ZK, Bao YJ (2014) High-sensitivity refractive index sensor based on D-shaped photonic crystal fiber with rectangular lattice and nanoscale gold film. Plasmonics 9(6):1355–1360

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bing PB, Huang SC, Sui JL, Wang H, Wang ZY (2018) Analysis and improvement of a dual-core photonic crystal fiber sensor. Sensors 18(7):2051–2059

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Brolo AG (2012) Plasmonics for future biosensors. Nat Photonics 6(11):709–713

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Otte MA, Sepúlveda B, Ni WH, Juste JP, Liz-Marzán LM, Lechuga LM (2010) Identification of the optimal spectral region for plasmonic and nanoplasmonic sensing. ACS Nano 4(1):349–357

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Mouvet C, Harris RD, Maciag C, Luff BJ, Wilkinson JS, Piehler J, Brccht A, Gauglitz G, Abukncsha R, Ismail G (1997) Determination of simazine in water samples by waveguide surface plasmon resonance. Anal Chim Acta 338(2):109-l17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Homola J (2008) Surface plasmon resonance sensors for detection of chemical and biological species. Chem Rev 108(2):462–493

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Anker JN, Hall WP, Lyandres O, Shah NC, Zhao J, Van Duyne RP (2008) Biosensing with plasmonic nanosensors. Nat Mater 7(6):442–453

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Piliarik M, Párová L, Homola J (2009) High-throughput SPR sensor for food safety. Biosens Bioelectron 24(5):1399–1404

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Yang Z, Xia L, Li C, Chen X, Liu DM (2019) A surface plasmon resonance sensor based on concave-shaped photonic crystal fiber for low refractive index detection. Opt Commun 430:195–203

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Hassani A, Skorobogatiy M (2009) Photonic crystal fiber-based plasmonic sensors for the detection of biolayer thickness. J Opt Soc Am B 26(8):1550–1557

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Yu X, Zhang SY, Zhang Y, Ho HP, Shum P, Liu HR, Liu DM (2010) An efficient approach for investigating surface plasmon resonance in asymmetric optical fibers based on birefringence analysis. Opt Express 18(17):17950–17957

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Dash JN, Jha R (2014) SPR biosensor based on polymer PCF coated with conducting metal oxide. IEEE Photonic Tech L 26(6):595–598

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Dash JN, Jha R (2014) Graphene-based birefringent photonic crystal fiber sensor using surface plasmon resonance. IEEE Photonic Tech L 26(11):1092–1095

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Hameed MFO, Alrayk YKA, Obayya SSA (2016) Self-calibration highly sensitive photonic crystal fiber biosensor. IEEE Photonics J 8(3):6802912

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Rifat AA, Ahmed R, Mahdiraji GA, Adikan FRM (2017) Highly sensitive D-shaped photonic crystal fiber-based plasmonic biosensor in visible to near-IR. IEEE Sens J 17:2776–2783

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hossen MN, Ferdous Md, Khalek MdA, Chakma S, Paul BK, Ahmed K (2018) Design and analysis of biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance. Sensing and Bio-Sensing Res 21:1–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Wu JJ, Li SG, Wang XY, Shi M, Feng XX, Liu YD (2018) Ultrahigh sensitivity refractive index sensor of a D-shaped PCF based on surface plasmon resonance. Appl Opt 57(15):4002–4007

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Shi FK, Zhou GY, Li DM, Peng L, Hou ZY, Xia CM (2015) Surface plasmon mode coupling in photonic crystal fiber symmetrically filled with Ag/Au alloy wires. Plasmonics 10(2):335–340

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Luan NN, Wang R, Lv WH, Yao JQ (2015) Surface plasmon resonance sensor based on D-shaped microstructured optical fiber with hollow core. Opt Express 23(7):8576–8582

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Hassani A, Skorobogatiy M (2006) Design of the microstruc-tured optical fiber-based surface plasmon resonance sensors with enhanced microfluidics. Opt Express 14(24):11616–11621

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Otupiri R, Akowuah EK, Haxha S, Ademgil H, Abdelmalek F, Aggoun A (2014) A novel birefrigent photonic crystal fiber surface plasmon resonance biosensor. IEEE Photonics J 6(4):1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Azzam SI, Hameed MFO, Shehata REA, Heikal AM, Obayya SSA (2016) Multichannel photonic crystal fiber surface plasmon resonance based sensor. Opt Quant Electron 48(2):142–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Liu H, Wang Y, Wei SQ, Zhu CH, Tan C, Wang M, Cheng DQ (2017) Simultaneous dual-parameter measurement based on dual-channel surface plasmon resonance in photonic crystal fiber. Optik 145:582–588

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Akowuah EK, Gorman T, Ademgil H, Haxha S, Robinson GK, Oliver JV (2012) Numerical analysis of a photonic crystal fiber for biosensing applications. IEEE J Quantum Elect 48(11):1403–1410

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Hassani A, Skorobogatiy M (2007) Design criteria for micros-tructured optical fiber based surface-plasmon-resonance sensors. J Opt Soc Am B 24(6):1423–1429

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Gangwar RK, Singh VK (2017) Highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance based D-shaped photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor. Plasmonics 12(5):1367–1372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Jiao SX, Gu SF, Yang HR, Fang HR, Xu SB (2018) Highly sensitive dual-core photonic crystal fiber based on surface plasmon resonance sensor with silver nano-continuous grating. Appl Opt 57(28):8350–8358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Rifat AA, Haider F, Ahmed R, Mahdiraji GA, Adikan FRM, Miroshnichenko AE (2018) Highly sensitive selec-tively coated photonic crystal fiber-based plasmonic sensor. Opt Lett 43(4):891–894

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Wu TS, Shao Y, Wang Y, Cao SQ, Cao WP, Zhang F, Liao CR, He J, Huang YJ, Hou MX, Wang YP (2017) Surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on gold-coated side-polished hexagonal structure photonic crystal fiber. Opt Express 25(17):20313–20322

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Lu JJ, Li Y, Han YH, Liu Y, Gao JM (2018) D-shaped photonic crystal fiber plasmonic refractive index sensor based on gold grating. Appl Opt 57(19):5268–5272

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Rifat AA, Mahdiraji GA, Sua YM, Ahmed R, Shee YG, Adikan FRM (2016) Highly sensitive multi-core flat fiber surface plasmon resonance refractive index sensor. Opt Express 24(3):2485–2495

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Momota MR, Hasan MR (2018) Hollow-core silver coated photonic crystal fiber plasmonic sensor. Opt Mater 76:287–294

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Zha FN, Li JS, Sun PJ, Ma HJ (2019) Highly sensitive selectively coated D-shape photonic crystal fibers for surface plasmon resonance sensing. Phys Lett A 383(15):1825–1830

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Liu C, Yang L, Lu XL, Liu Q, Wang FM, Lv JW, Sun T, Mu HW, Chu PK (2017) Mid-infrared surface plasmon resonance sensor based on photonic crystal fibers. Opt Express 25(13):14227–14237

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Liu C, Su WQ, Wang FM, Li XL, Yang L, Sun T, Mu HW, Chu PK (2019) Theoretical assessment of a highly sensitive photonic crystal fibre based on surface plasmon resonance sensor operating in the near-infrared wavelength. J Mod Optic 66(1):1–6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. El-Saeed AH, Khalil AE, Hameed MFO, Azab MY, Obayya SSA (2019) Highly sensitive SPR PCF biosensors based on Ag/TiN and Ag/ZrN configurations. Opt Quant Electron 51(2):56–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Guo Y, Zhang SH, Li JS et al (2019) A sensor-compatible polarization filter based on photonic crystal fiber with dual-open-ring channel by surface plasmon resonance. Optik. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.05.074

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Fan ZK (2019) Surface plasmon resonance refractive index sensor based on photonic crystal fiber covering nano-ring gold film. Opt Fiber Technol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2019.03.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Li TS, Zhu LQ, Yang XC et al (2020) A refractive index sensor based on H-shaped photonic crystal fibers coated with Ag-graphene layers. Sensors. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030741

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Gupta A, Singh H, Singh A et al (2020) D-shaped photonic crystal fiber-based surface plasmon resonance biosensors with spatially distributed bimetallic layers. Plasmonics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-020-01157-z

  42. Monfared YE, Qasymeh M (2021) Plasmonic biosensor for low-index liquid analyte detection using graphene-gssisted photonic crystal fiber. Plasmonics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-020-01308-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132011, China

    Shengxi Jiao, Xiaolei Ren, Hanrui Yang, Shibo Xu & Xinzhi Li

  2. Power Generation Department, Inner Mongolia Jingning Thermal Power Co, Ltd, 012000, Inner Mongolia, China

    Xiaolei Ren

Authors
  1. Shengxi Jiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xiaolei Ren
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hanrui Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shibo Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xinzhi Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Shengxi Jiao and Xiaolei Ren. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Xiaolei Ren. Data curation and visualization were performed by Hanrui Yang, Shibo Xu. Validation, visualization, and revision of manuscript were performed by Xinzhi Li, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiaolei Ren.

Ethics declarations

Ethical Approval

All authors declare that this manuscript is original, has not been published before, and is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere. We understand that the corresponding author is the sole contact for the editorial process.

Consent to Participate

We confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied the criteria for authorship but are not listed. We further confirm that the order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all of us. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Consent for Publication

We would like to draw the attention of the editor to the following publications of one or more of us that refer to aspects of the manuscript presently being submitted where relevant copies of such publications are attached. We further confirm that the order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all of us.

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jiao, S., Ren, X., Yang, H. et al. Dual-Channel and Dual-Core Plasmonic Sensor–Based Photonic Crystal Fiber for Refractive Index Sensing. Plasmonics 17, 295–304 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-021-01518-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-021-01518-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation