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Interplay of nonreciprocity and nonlinearity on mean-field energy and dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a double-well potential

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Abstract

We investigate the mean-field energy spectrum and dynamics in a Bose-Einstein condensate in a double-well potential with non-Hermiticity from the nonreciprocal hopping, and show that the interplay of nonreciprocity and nonlinearity leads to exotic properties. Under the two-mode and mean-field approximations, the nonreciprocal generalization of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and Bloch equations of motion for this system are obtained. We analyze the \({\cal P}{\cal T}\) phase diagram and the dynamical stability of fixed points. The reentrance of \({\cal P}{\cal T}\)-symmetric phase and the reformation of stable fixed points with increasing the nonreciprocity parameter are found. Besides, we uncover a linear self-trapping effect induced by the nonreciprocity. In the nonlinear case, the self-trapping oscillation is enhanced by the nonreciprocity and then collapses in the \({\cal P}{\cal T}\)-broken phase, and can finally be recovered in the reentrant \({\cal P}{\cal T}\)-symmetric phase.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12174126, 12104166, U1830111, 11947097, and 12047522), the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2019B030330001), the Science and Technology of Guangzhou (Grant No. 2019050001), and the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant Nos. 2020A1515110290 and 2021A1515010315).

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  1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Yi-Piao Wu, Guo-Qing Zhang, Cai-Xia Zhang & Dan-Wei Zhang

  2. Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Guo-Qing Zhang, Cai-Xia Zhang & Dan-Wei Zhang

  3. College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China

    Jian Xu

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  1. Yi-Piao Wu
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arXiv: 2111.01390v1. This article can also be found at http://journal.hep.com.cn/fop/EN/10.1007/s11467-021-1133-2.

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Wu, YP., Zhang, GQ., Zhang, CX. et al. Interplay of nonreciprocity and nonlinearity on mean-field energy and dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a double-well potential. Front. Phys. 17, 42503 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-021-1133-2

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